GI

Question 1

Peritoneum (aka serous membrane)

Answer 1

Layer of serosa that lines the abdominal cavity. Has two portions: parietal and visceral

Question 2

Parietal Peritoneum

Answer 2

Portion that lines body wall

Question 3

Visceral peritoneum

Answer 3

Portion that lines the organs

Question 4

Mesentery

Answer 4

fold of peritoneum layers (parietal & visceral) through which nerves, vessels and lymphatics travel to/from organs; also anchors organs (GI organs) to the posterior wall of the abdomen

Question 5

Intraperitoneal

Answer 5

organs covered in peritoneum & suspended from body wall by mesentery such as stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, etc.

Question 6

Primary Retroperitoneal

Answer 6

organs develop and remain outside the peritoneal cavity; not associated wtih mesentery (kidneys, adrenal glands, aorta, IVC, bladder, prostate, vagina)

Question 7

Secondary Retroperitoneal

Answer 7

organs develop in mesentery, only part of the organ surface is covered by peritoneum, and organs are separated from body wall by bloodless plane such as pancreas, duodenum (2nd & 3rd), ascending and descending colon.

Question 8

Hepatorenal (Morrison’s) pouch

Answer 8

located behind the liver, located between the liver and the right kidney. It is a potential space that can be filled with fluid in abnormal circumstances.

Question 9

Rectovesical/ Rectouterine (Douglas) pouch

Answer 9

Rectovesical- a potential space between the rectum and the bladder;

Rectouterine- potential space between the bladder and uterus

Both can be filled with fluid under abnormal circumstances

Question 10

Dorsal Mesentery

Answer 10

in adults, it is the portion that attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach

Question 11

Ventral mesentery

Answer 11

Present in embryos between the body wall and liver and the liver and stomach; the only remnants of it are the falciform ligament and the lesser omentum

Question 12

What makes up the Foregut?

Answer 12

Esophagus, stomach, duodenum (1st & 2nd)

Develop in association: liver, gallbladder, and spleen

Question 13

What does Celiac Trunk supply?

Answer 13

Foregut (esophagus, stomach, duodenum (1st &2nd), liver, gallbladder, and spleen

Branches into: splenic artery, left gastric artery, common hepatic artery

Question 14

What makes up the midgut?

Answer 14

Duodenum (3rd & 4th), Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Appendix, Ascending colon, Transverse colon

This is where most of the absorption of nutrients & water occur

Question 15

Superior Mesenteric Artery supplies?

Answer 15

Midgut (Duodenum 3rd & 4th), Jejunum, Ileum, Cecum, Appendix, Ascending colon, and Transverse colon)

Originates off aorta from L1; branches into: inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery, jejunum and illeum arteries, ileocolic artery, right colic artery, and middle colic artery

Question 16

What makes up the Hindgut?

Answer 16

Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, and rectum to ano-rectal line

Question 17

Inferior Mesenteric Artery supplies?

Answer 17

Hindgut (Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon, Rectum to ano-rectal line)

Originates off aorta from L3; branches into the left colic artery, sigmoid artery, and superior rectal artery

Question 18

Foregut Venous Drainage

Answer 18

Splenic vein & gastric vein will drain to portal vein

Question 19

Midgut Venous Drainage

Answer 19

Superior mesenteric vein will drain to portal vein

Question 20

Hindgut Venous Drainage

Answer 20

Inferior mesenteric vein will drain to portal vein

Question 21

Lesser Sac

Answer 21

A recess of the peritoneal cavity that lies between the stomach and posterior abdominal wall.
Opening to the lesser sac is on the right side called Foramen of Winslow.

Question 22

Foramen of Winslow

Answer 22

opening to the lesser sac on the right side (only opening)

Question 23

Greater Omentum

Answer 23

a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum (fat & tissue) that hangs down from the stomach and drapes over the transverse colon, small intestines, and descending colon.

Has some ability to protect organs in region by wrapping itself around a tumor or something if need be.

Question 24

Lesser Omentum

Answer 24

is between the inferior liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach. It contains the falciform ligament, the hepatogastric ligament, and the hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 25

Hepatogastric ligament

Answer 25

connects the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach; basically lays over the lesser omentum

Question 26

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Answer 26

Contains proper hepatic artery, common bile duct, and hepatic portal vein

Question 27

Esophagus

Answer 27

muscular tube that brings food and liquid down from pharynx to stomach; pierces the diaphragm at T10 level. Blood supplied by esophageal branches of aorta & left gastric artery of celiac trunk) Veinous drainage by esophagus branches of azygos vein & left gastric vein to portal vein

Question 28

Stomach

Answer 28

functions as a blender and reservoir for food to be mechanically and chemically prepared for digestion; Blood is supplied via branches off celiac trunk (which branch off aorta): left and right gastric arteries to the lesser curvature, right and left gastro-omental arteries to the greater curvature, and short gastric arteries to the fundus & upper stomach Venous drainage: right and left gastric veins from lesser curvature to portal vein, short gastric and left gastro-omental into splenic vein, right gastro-omental into superior mesenteric vein

Question 29

Celiac Trunk

Answer 29

branches off aorta and supplies the foregut

Question 30

Spleen

Answer 30

functions as a lymphatic organ (proliferation), immune surveillance, recycles old RBCs and platelets and is reservoir of RBCs & platelets most vascular organ; vulnerable to injury but protected by lower left ribcage; held in place by gastrosplenic ligament & splenorenal ligament blood supplied by splenic artery which branches off celiac trunk venous drainage by splenic vein to portal vein

Question 31

Duodenum

Answer 31

``` Is the first part of the small intestine, extending from the pylorus to the duodenojejunal junction. Functions to receive chyme mixed with stomach acid, enzymes and digestive juices to aid in digestion There are four parts: 1st- superior (intraperitoneal) 2nd-descending (retroperitoneal) 3rd- horizontal (retroperitoneal) 4th- ascending (intraperitoneal) ``` Blood supplied by: celiac trunk (superior pancreaticoduodenal artery) and SMA (inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries) Venous drainage: parallel arteries that drain into the splenic vein/ SMV

Question 32

Ligament of Treitz

Answer 32

suspensory ligament that connects the diaphragm to the 4th part of duodenum

Question 33

Sphincter of Oddi

Answer 33

Releases bile into the 2nd part of the duodenum.

Question 34

Bile is produced?

Answer 34

Bile is produced in the liver, which will go down the left and right hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct and all the way down to the sphincter of Oddi. If sphincter closed then it will go back up common bile duct and pool into the gallbladder for storage.

Question 35

Pancreas

Answer 35

is an accessory digestive gland that produces pancreatic juices which enters into the duodenum via main and accessory pancreatic ducts. Also secretes insulin & glucagon Located posterior to stomach. Has 5 parts: Head, Uncinate process, Neck, Body, and Tail. Blood supplied by pancreatic arteries ( from splenic artery) & superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery Venous drainage: pancreatic veins drain to splenic veins which drain to portal vein.

Question 36

Portal Triad

Answer 36

Consists of the portal vein, proper hepatic artery, and common bile duct. Travels within the hepatoduodenal ligament

Question 37

Falciform Ligament

Answer 37

separates the left and right love of the liver

Question 38

Caudate Lobe

Answer 38

Located within the right lobe; has its own blood supply and drainage so can functionally independently

Question 39

Ligamentum Teres

Answer 39

located in the liver right next/underneath the falciform ligament

Question 40

Liver

Answer 40

Functions to process nutrients from GI tract, store glycogen, secretor of bile, detoxification, & phagocytosis blood supply: celiac trunk-->common hepatic artery--> hepatic artery proper--> right and left hepatic arteries Venous drainage: right, intermediate, left hepatic veins drain into IVC

Question 41

Gallbladder

Answer 41

When bile is not used, it is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder. Blood supplied by: cystic artery (branches from right hepatic artery) Venous drainage: cystic veins which drains to portal vein or to liver

Question 42

Tenaie Coli

Answer 42

the middle white part that runs along the large intestine; it is a band of smooth muscle

Question 43

Cecum

Answer 43

blind intestinal pouch at the most proximal end of the large intestine; it is joined by the Ileum; gives rise to the appendix

Question 44

Appendix

Answer 44

Comes off of the cecum; has its own supply of mesentery and artery

Question 45

Large intestine

Answer 45

This is where absorption of water from foods that are going to be shitted occurs. Blood supplied by: SMA branches (ileocolic artery, right colic artery, middle colic artery) which are all joined together via marginal artery Venous drainage: drain to the SMV-->portal vein

Question 46

Superior rectal artery

Answer 46

supplied 2/3 of the anal canal and last branch off of the IMA

Question 47

Suprarenal arteries

Answer 47

There are three: superior, middle, and inferior Superior: branches off of the inferior phrenic artery and call these little arteries connect directly to the adrenal gland on top of kidney Middle: branches off of the abdominal aorta and connects also to the adrenal gland Inferior: branches off of the renal artery and connects to the underside of adrenal gland

Question 48

Renal Artery

Answer 48

Comes off the abdominal aorta at the same level as the SMA

Question 49

Umbilical artery

Answer 49

Branches off of the internal iliac artery

Question 50

Where is the Sphincter of Oddi located?

Answer 50

2nd part of the duodenom

Question 51

Where does the bile and pancreatic enzymes secrete into?

Answer 51

2nd part of the duodenom