Neck

Question 1

longus colli m.

Answer 1

flexes neck and contralaterally rotates it

innervated by C2-C6 ventral rami

Question 2

anterior scalene muscle

Answer 2

elevates 1st rib when neck is fixed, flexes neck anteriorly, laterally, and rotates neck when the 1st rib is fixed; innervated by C4-C6 ventral rami

Question 3

middle scalene muscle

Answer 3

elevates the 1st rib when the neck is flexed, flexes the neck anteriorly, laterally, and rotates the neck when 1st rib is fixed; muscle innervated by C3-C8

Question 4

posterior scalene muscle

Answer 4

elevates 2nd rib when neck is fixed; flexes neck anteriorly, laterally, and rotates the neck when 2nd rib is fixed; muscle innervated by C6-C8 ventral rami

Question 5

sternohyoid muscle

Answer 5

depresses the laryngeal apparatus when swallowing; muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis; inserts proximally on manubrium and clavicle, and distally on hyoid bone

Question 6

sternothyroid muscle

Answer 6

depresses laryngeal apparatus when swallowing; muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis; inserts proximally at manubrium and distally to the thyroid cartilage

Question 7

thyrohyoid muscle

Answer 7

depresses hyoid bone when the larynx is fixed or elevates larynx when the hyoid bone is fixed; innervated by C1 branch that traveled with hypoglossal (CN XII)

Question 8

omohyoid muscle

Answer 8

depresses hyoid bone relative to fixed scapula;
muscle innervated by ansa cervicalis;
inserts proximally to upper border of scapula and distally to hyoid bone (curves)

Question 9

Subclavian artery

Answer 9

on right side: brachiocephalic artery
on left side:
aorta

Branches into: 
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic artery 
Costocervical artery

Question 10

Vertebral artery

Answer 10

1st branch off subclavian artery; ascends between anterior scalene and longus colli m. and eventually courses through transverse foramen of C6-C1–> foramen magnum–>supplies posterior region of brain

Question 11

Thyrocervical trunk

Answer 11

2nd branch off subclavian artery; branches further into:

• inferior thyroid artery
• ascending cervical artery
• transverse cervical artery
• suprascapular artery

Question 12

Inferior thyroid artery

Answer 12

supplies inferior poles of thyroid gland

Question 13

Ascending cervical artery

Answer 13

supplies the longus coli muscle, cervical vertebra bodies, and cervical spinal cord

Question 14

Transverse cervical artery

Answer 14

will bifurcate into the superficial branch (which supplies traps) and a deep branch ( supply levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles)

Question 15

Internal thoracic artery

Answer 15

branches inferiorly from subclavian artery–>courses inferiorly along lateral edge of sternum–>gives rise to the anterior intercostal arteries, superior epigastric, and musculophrenic arteries.

Question 16

Costocervical trunk

Answer 16

branches from the subclavian artery; courses posteriorly over the dome of pleural cavity & branches into deep cervical artery and superior intercostal artery

Question 17

Nerves of neck

Answer 17

Vagus nerve- which innervates thoracic viscera

Recurrent laryngeal nerve- innervates intrinsic laryngeal muscles; on right side it comes off of vagus nerve and wraps underneath subclavian artery; on left side it comes off vagus nerve and wraps underneath aorta arch

Phrenic nerve- innervates the diaphragm

Cervical sympathetic trunk- note there are no white rami communicans in cervical region

Question 18

Anterior Triangle Contents

Answer 18

Submandibular triangle, submental triangle, muscular triangle, carotid triangle

Question 19

Submandibular triangle

Answer 19

contains submandibular gland, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, nerve to mylohyoid, facial artery, facial vein

Question 20

Submental triangle

Answer 20

contains submental lymph nodes, tributaries of the anterior jugular vein, and geniohyoid muscle

Question 21

Muscular triangle

Answer 21

contains sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, and omohyoid muscles, thyroid gland, and parathyroid gland

Question 22

Carotid triangle

Answer 22

contains common carotid, internal carotid, external carotid arteries, internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve, ansa cervicalis, and transverse cervical nerve, and cervical branch of facial nerve

Question 23

Posterior triangle contents

Answer 23

occipital triangle and omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle

Question 24

Occipital triangle

Answer 24

contains splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene, posterior scalene, accessory nerve, supraclavicular nerves,branches of cervical plexus, trunk of brachial plexus, transverse cervical artery, and transverse cervical vein and cervical lymph nodes

Question 25

Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle

Answer 25

contains subclavian artery, subclavian vein, suprascapular artery, suprascapular vein, and brachial plexus

Question 26

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 26

attaches superiorly to mastoid process (bony structure behind ear), and inferiorly to the manubrium and clavicle innervated by CN 11 (accessory nerve) rotates head to opposite side, flexes head, raises thorax

Question 27

stylohyoid muscle

Answer 27

attaches proximally to styloid process (anterior to mastoid process) and distally to hyoid bone innervated by branch of CN 7 (facial nerve) elevates hyoid bone & base of tongue, retracts hyoid bone

Question 28

mylohyoid muscle

Answer 28

muscle attaches to the mandible on each side of the mylohyoid line; forms the floor of oral cavity innervated by nerve to mylohyoid (branch of inferior alveolar nerve of CN V3) elevates hyoid bone and tongue when speaking and swallowing; depresses mandible

Question 29

Geniohyoid muscle

Answer 29

deep within submental triangle; muscle attaches to mental process on inside of mandible and to hyoid bone innervated by cervical nerve C1 that travels with CN 12 (hypoglossal n) protracts hyoid bone

Question 30

Common carotid artery

Answer 30

Right common carotid branches off brachiocephalic while left common carotid branches off aortic arch. Will branch into internal and external carotid arteries near hyoid bone

Question 31

Internal carotid artery

Answer 31

doesn't give off any branches but contains the carotid sinus (which has baroreceptors that monitor BP) and the carotid body (which has chemoreceptor that monitors partial pressure of O2)

Question 32

External carotid artery

Answer 32

gives off branches below: - Superior thyroid artery - Ascending pharyngeal artery - Lingual artery - Facial artery - Occipital artery

Question 33

Superior thyroid artery

Answer 33

supplies the thyroid and parathyroid glands; also gives off the superior laryngeal artery

Question 34

superior laryngeal artery

Answer 34

pierces the thyrohyoid membrane to supply the mucosa of the supraglottic cavity

Question 35

ascending pharyngeal artery

Answer 35

ascends vertically to supply the pharynx, soft palate, palatine tonsillar bed, and auditory tube

Question 36

lingual artery

Answer 36

courses through the carotid triangle and joins the sublingual artery deep to the hyoglossus muscle to supply the tongue and sublingual gland

Question 37

facial artery

Answer 37

courses deep to submandibular gland and then around the body of the mandible to enter the superficial face anterior to the masseter muscle

Question 38

occipital artery

Answer 38

courses deep to posterior belly of digastric m. en route to occipital region, where it supplies sternocleidomastoid m., deep neck muscles, and meninges of posterior cranial fossa.

Question 39

posterior auricular artery

Answer 39

supplies parotid gland, lateral facial muscles and ear

Question 40

Cervical plexus (C1-C4)

Answer 40

contains: - lesser occipital nerve (C2)-innervates scalp posterior and superior to the ears - great auricular nerve (C2-C3)- innervates skin over the parotid gland, angle of jaw, and posterior ear - transverse cervical nerve (C2-C3)- innervates skin over anterior triangle of neck - supraclavicular nerve (C3-C4)- innervates skin over the clavicle and superior region of thorax