GI

Question 1

What is a side effect of calcium channel blockers?

Answer 1

Gingival hypertrophy/hyperplasia

Question 2

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

Answer 2

Achalasia (if this appearance is in lower GI imaging is a sign of bowel obstruction)

Question 3

What to the letters in the “GET SMASHED” pneumonic for pancreatitis stand for?

Answer 3

Gallstones
Ethanol (alcohol)
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion bites/stings
Hyperlipidaemia/Hyperthermia/Hypercalcaemia
ERCP
Drugs

Question 4

Murphy’s sign positive

Answer 4

Cholecystitis

Question 5

Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain

Answer 5

Biliary obstruction

Question 6

Abdominal distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 6

Portal hypertension + ascites

Question 7

Pyoderma gangrenosum. erythema nodosum

Answer 7

Chron’s/UC

Question 8

Tinkling bowel sounds

Answer 8

Bowel Obstruction

Question 9

Vesicular rash + weight loss

Answer 9

Coeliac disease

Question 10

Virchow’s node (left supra clavicular)

Answer 10

Gastric cancer

Question 11

Urea breath test

Answer 11

H pylori

Question 12

“Rice water” like stools

Answer 12

Vibrio cholera

Question 13

AMA

Answer 13

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis/Cholangitis

Question 14

ASMA

Answer 14

Autoimmune hepatitis

Question 15

Alpha Feto Protein

Answer 15

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 16

Cobblestone mucosa; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

Answer 16

Chron’s disease

Question 17

Diuretic used for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 17

Spironolactone

Question 18

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 18

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 19

Severe abdominal pain and D&V after raw milk

Answer 19

Campylobacter

Question 20

What does Russell’s sign indicate ?

Answer 20

Self-induced vomiting

Question 21

Mallory’s hyaline bodies

Answer 21

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 22

Crypt abscesses/ cryptitis

Answer 22

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Chron’s)

Question 23

Onion skinning fibrosis + beading of bile ducts

Answer 23

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 24

“Signet Ring” cells seen on biopsy

Answer 24

Adenocarcinoma (diffuse stomach cancer) e.g. linitis plastica

Question 25

Thumbprinting sign on X-ray commonly at splenic flexure

Answer 25

Ischaemic colitis

Question 26

Which condition is associated with Charcot's triad (fever, jaundice and abdominal pain) ?

Answer 26

Acute cholangitis

Question 27

Causes for an abdominal mass "A CHEMICAL"

Answer 27

``` AAA Chron's Hernia Enlarged lymphadenopathy Malignancy Intersusception Cysts OR abscess Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy ```

Question 28

Causes for bowel obstruction "BATH VIPS"

Answer 28

``` Bolus Adhesions Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intersussception Pseudo-obstruction Stricture ```