Renal

Question 1

Membranous nephropathy causes malignancy: true or false?

Answer 1

TRUE

Question 2

Official name for Viagra

Answer 2

Sildenafil

Question 3

BPH management

Answer 3

Alpha adrenergic blocker (Tamsulosin, alfuzosin), 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride)

Question 4

Hydrocele trans illuminates: true or false?

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

Testicular mass + can palpate above it

Answer 5

Mass related to scrotal contents

Question 6

Testicular mass + cannot palpate above it

Answer 6

Probably hernia

Question 7

Where does the bulbourethral gland lie in relation to the membranous urethra

Answer 7

lies POSTERIOR to membranous urethra

Question 8

Splitting of which structure would prevent seminal fluid from entering the urethra

Answer 8

Bladder sphincter

Question 9

Structure that covers the testis

Answer 9

Tunica vaginalis

Question 10

Weight gain is not associated with peritoneal dialysis: true or false?

Answer 10

FALSE

Question 11

Location of sperm production

Answer 11

Seminiferous tubules

Question 12

On the Davernport diagram where is RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

Answer 12

Top left

Question 13

On the Davernport diagram where is METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

Answer 13

Bottom left

Question 14

On the Davernport diagram where is METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

Answer 14

Top right

Question 15

On the Davernport diagram where is RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

Answer 15

Bottom right

Question 16

Structure the right and left gonadal (testicular/ovarian) arteries arise from

Answer 16

Abdominal aorta

Question 17

Structure right gonadal (testicular/ovaria) vein drains to?

Answer 17

IVC

Question 18

Structure left gonadal (testicular/ovaria) vein drains to?

Answer 18

Left renal vein

Question 19

Strawberry milkshake blood

Answer 19

Hypertriglyceridaemia/nephritic syndrome

Question 20

Strawberry milkshake blood

Answer 20

Hypertriglyceridaemia/nephritic syndrome

Question 21

Cancer liked with “Cannonball metastases” in lungs on chest X-Ray

Answer 21

Renal cell carcinoma

Question 22

“Loin to groin pain”

Answer 22

Renal colic

Question 23

Sea anemone

Answer 23

Transitional cell carcinoma (of bladder) on cystoscopy

Question 24

UTI + travel to India

Answer 24

Carbapenase producing klebsiella (resistant to all antibiotics)

Question 25

UTI with foul smelling urine and calculi

Answer 25

Proteus

Question 26

Beading of renal artery

Answer 26

Fibromuscular Dysplasia

Question 27

"Muddy brown casts" of epithelial cells

Answer 27

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 28

"Potato" appearance on pathology

Answer 28

Testicular seminoma

Question 29

"Blue dot sign"

Answer 29

Torsion of testicular appendix (aka hydatid of Morgagni) (cremastic reflex still present)

Question 30

Drug given in hyperkalaemia that is cardioprotective

Answer 30

IV calcium gluconate

Question 31

2 complications of uraemia

Answer 31

Uremic pericarditis and uremic encephalopathy

Question 32

Small kidney on ultrasound indicates...

Answer 32

Most likely to be a chronic condition

Question 33

Conditions that cause renal-pulmonary-disease

Answer 33

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis and Goodpasture's

Question 34

Time taken for one unit of blood to go through the body

Answer 34

3-4 hours

Question 35

Syndrome makes patient prone to clots and infections

Answer 35

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 36

Haematuria + strep infection a few WEEKS ago

Answer 36

Acute diffuse proliferative/Post infective glomerulonephritis

Question 37

Upper respiratory tract infection + haematuria a few DAYS later

Answer 37

IgA nephropathy

Question 38

"Kimmelstiel Wilson nodule" on histology

Answer 38

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 39

Apple green birefringence in glomerulus on Congo Red stain

Answer 39

Amyloid deposition in glomerulus

Question 40

Otosclerotic bone metastesis = THINK...

Answer 40

THINK prostate cancer

Question 41

ECG changes: Tall tented T waves, loss of p wave (can progress to sine wave sign) and broad QRS complex

Answer 41

Hyperkalaemia

Question 42

Important indicator to STOP penicillamine

Answer 42

Bone marrow hypoplasia (platelets lowering)

Question 43

All patients with peripheral oedema are dehydrated: true or false?

Answer 43

FALSE

Question 44

Part of dialysis that refers to removal from blood of water and equimolar concentrations of permeable solutes

Answer 44

Ultrafiltration

Question 45

Three main concepts behind dialysis

Answer 45

Diffusion Convection Adsorption

Question 46

4 GN's that cause NON-proliferative glomerulonephritis and likely cause NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

Answer 46

Membranous nephropathy, FSGS, Minimal change disease and Amyloidosis

Question 47

Predominant mechanism that removes larger molecules in continuous renal replacement therapy

Answer 47

Convection

Question 48

Completed to prevent an AKI (linked to interstitial nephritis) when a contrast scan must be completed

Answer 48

Giving saline before and after contrast

Question 49

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is autosomal dominant: true or false?

Answer 49

FALSE

Question 50

Type of stones associated with stag horn calculi

Answer 50

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

Question 51

Diamond or wedge-shaped crystals

Answer 51

Uric acid stones

Question 52

Envelop-shaped crystals

Answer 52

Calcium oxalate

Question 53

Hexagonal shaped crystals

Answer 53

Cystine stones

Question 54

Coffin-lid crystals

Answer 54

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

Question 55

Wedge shaped crystals

Answer 55

Calcium phosphate stones

Question 56

Artery horseshoe kidneys are trapped under which prevents anterior ascent

Answer 56

Interior mesenteric artery (at L3)