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1st year revision > gi > Flashcards

gi Flashcards

1
Q

gingival hypertrophy

A

side effect of ca channel appearance

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2
Q

bird beak appearance

A

achalasia

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3
Q

grey turner and Cullen sign

A

acute pancreatitis

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4
Q

murphys sign positive

A

cholecystitis (gallbladder)

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5
Q

pale stools, jaundice and abdopain

A

biliary obstruction

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6
Q

abdo distention, caput medusae and shifting dullness

A

portal HT and ascities

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7
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum/ erythema nodosum

A

crohns /UC

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8
Q

tinkling bowel sounds

A

bowel obstruction

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9
Q

vesicular rash and weight loss

A

coeliac

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10
Q

virchows node

A

(left supra clavicular) gastric cancer

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11
Q

urea breath test

A

h pylori

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12
Q

13c breath test

A

bacterial overgrowth

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13
Q

rice water like stools

A

vibrio cholera

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14
Q

AMA

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

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15
Q

ASMA

A

autoimmune hepatitiis

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16
Q

alpha feto protein assay

A

hepatocellular cancer

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17
Q

cobblestone mucosa

A

crohns (deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa)

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18
Q

diuretic for ascities

A

spironolactone

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19
Q

corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

A

diffuse oesophageal spasm

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20
Q

severe abdo pain and d after raw milk

A

campylobacter

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21
Q

russel sign

A

self induced vomiting

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22
Q

Mallory hyaline bodies

A

alcoholic liver disease

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23
Q

crypt abscess

A

UC

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24
Q

onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

A

primary scleroising cholangitis

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25
Q

signet ring on biopsy

A

linitis plastic

diffuse stomach cancer

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26
Q

thumb printing on xray commonly at splenic flexure

A

ischaemic colitis

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27
Q

charcots triat

A

fever jaundice and abdo pain

acute cholangitis

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28
Q

causes ob abdo mass

A 
AAA
crohns 
hernia 
enlarged organ 
malignancy
intersusception 
crypt
appendicitis 
lymphadenopathy
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29
Q

pale stools, jaundice and abdopain

A

biliary obstruction

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30
Q

mouth disease in chrons

A

stomatitis gangrnosum

31
Q

periumbilical pain going to right iliac fossa

A

acute pancreatitis

32
Q

central abdo pain and expansile pulsatile mass

A

AAA

33
Q

liver flap

A

encelopathy

34
Q

leuconychia

A

hypoalbuminaemia

35
Q

koilonichya amd angular stomatitis

A

iron deficiency anaemia

36
Q

buccal pigmentation

A

PJ syndrome

37
Q

glossitis

A

b12 deficiency

38
Q

apthous ulceration

A

crohns/coeliac

39
Q

craggy hepatomegaly

A

liver malignanxy

40
Q

bronze and DM

A

haemochromatosis

41
Q

ama +ve

A

primaru biliary cirrhosis

42
Q

itch jaundice fatighue

A

primamry sclerosing cholangitis

43
Q

ERCP

A

treatment of gallstones

44
Q

investigations into jaundice

A

1st line US
improved view of liver: CT
improved view of biliary tree MRCP

45
Q

achalasia

A

a condition in which the muscles of the lower part of the oesophagus fail to relax, preventing food from passing into the stomach.

46
Q

underlying liver disease and haematemesis

A

oesophageal varices
associated with portal venous hypertension
terlipressin (vasoactive drug) + band ligation, TIPS if still bleeding (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt)

47
Q

dyspepsia

A

heart burn

antacids and PPI and weight loss

48
Q

? burst ulcer

A

erect chest xray

49
Q

what is cholelithiasis and how does it present and bloods and management

A

gallstones in bile duct
colicky RUQ pain, jaundice and itchy
inc ALP, GGT and bilirubin
ERCP

50
Q

cholecystitis- what is it, presentation and management

A 
inflammation of gallbladder due to gallstone blocking the cystic duct and can become infected 
continuous RUQ pain 
murphys sign +ve 
US 
cholecystectomy
51
Q

how do you treat encelopathy

A

lactulosis

52
Q

prevalence

A

no of cases present in a population / No. of persons with risk of having disease in the same population

53
Q

incidence

A

No. of new cases of disease in a population No. of persons with risk of developing the disease in the same population

54
Q

what is primary sclerosing cholangitis

A 
idiopathic inflammatory condition, which affects the biliary tree resulting in multiple strictures and eventual cirrhosis.
80% have IBD
itchy and fatigued and pain 
inc alk phos, inc bilirubin and inc ggt 
mrcp and liver stransplant is only cure
55
Q

what is biliary cirrhosis

A

same as primary biliary cholangitis. primarily affects women. fatigue and itchy.
AMA +ve

56
Q

management of IBD

A

sulfasalazine
steroid: budesonide
immunosuppression- azathioprine

57
Q

what IBD is smoking a RF

A

crohns

58
Q

histolgical differences between crohns and UC

A

Crohns: cobblestone, skip lesions, transmural and surgery is curative
UC: rectum and extends proximal, never proximal of iliocaecal valve. crypt abscesses and pseudo polpys

59
Q

difference in crohns and UC presentation

A

crohns: abdo pain
UC: blood and diarrhoea

60
Q

urine and poo colour and cause of jaundice

A

normal urine and poo: prehepatic
dark urine and normal poo: hepatic
Dark urine and Pale stools: post hepatic

61
Q

Bloods and associated jaundice

A

prehepatic jaundice: inc unconjugated
intrahepatic: inc unconjugated and inc conjugated and inc AST and ALT. Normal Alk phos and GGT

post hepatic; inc conjugated inc alk phos and GGT

62
Q

cholestatic lft

A

bilirubin, alk phos and GGT

63
Q

hepatocellular

A

bilirubin, ast and alt

64
Q

true liver FT

A

albumin
prothrombin
bilirubin

65
Q

Pancreatitis presentation and results

A 
severe epigastric pain to back
absent bowel sounds 
Cullen (bruising at umbilicu) and grey turner (bruising at flank)
results: amylase x3 normal and lipase 
treat underlying cause
66
Q

h pylori management

A

foecal antigen test
urease breath test and biopsy
amox and met and omeprazole

67
Q

appendicitis presentation

A

RIF pain
worse on movement
rovsing sign: LLQ pain causes RLQ pain

68
Q

diverticulitis

A

LIF pain
altered bowel habit
CT colongraphy
inc fibre

69
Q

management of small bowel obs

A

drip and suck

70
Q

ALT> AST

A

chronic liver disease

71
Q

AST>ALD

A

cirrhosis, alcohol and LVD

72
Q

coffee bean appearance

A

volvulus

73
Q

hep b
c
d
e

A

b: IVDU/sex
c: IVDU/ Blood sex
D: only if had B
E: foecal/oral

B and C chronic

74
Q

difference between pancreatitis and appendicitis presentation

A

pancreatitis: upper abdo pain that goes to back and may have oily stools
appendicitis: lower abdo pain that worsens with time and worse on movement

1st year revision (3 decks)

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