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Clin Med I > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

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1
Q

Source of bleed causing melena

A

Upper GI

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2
Q

Source of bleed causing hematochezia

A

Lower GI

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3
Q

Rupture of the esophagus from repeating vomiting/retching

A

Boerhaave’s syndrome

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4
Q

Boerhaave’s syndrome

A

Rupture of the esophagus; life-threatening

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5
Q

Acute gastroparesis tx

A

Erythromycin

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6
Q

Chronic gastroparesis tx

A

Metoclopramide

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7
Q

2 MC sites of volvulus

A
  • Cecum

- Sigmoid colon

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8
Q

“Currant jelly” stools and a sausage-like abdominal mass are associated with?

A

Intussesception

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9
Q

90% of Hirschsprung disease occurs in the…?

A

Rectosigmoid area

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10
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine MC occurs where?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Proximal jejunum
  • Actual MC site is the Ampulla of Vater
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11
Q

Carcinoid syndrome consists of…?

A
  • Flushing
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypotension
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12
Q

95% of Diverticulosis occurs where?

A

Sigmoid colon

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13
Q

Almost all CR cancers are what type?

A

Adenocarcinomas

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14
Q

MC locations of CR cancers

A
  • 50% rectosigmoid region

- 25% cecum/ascending colon

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15
Q

CR cancer has a peak incidence at what age?

A

65 yo

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16
Q

Is Crohn’s disease patchy or continuous?

A

Patchy

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17
Q

Is Crohn’s disease transmural or superficial?

A

Transmural

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18
Q

MC locations of Crohn’s

A
  • 40-50% in ileocecal region

- 30-40% in small bowel

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19
Q

Is UC patchy or continuous?

A

Continuous

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20
Q

Hallmark of ulcerative colitis

A

Bloody diarrhea with mucus

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21
Q

Caput medusa

A
  • Superficial enlargement of umbilical veins

- Pathognomonic of portal hypertension

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22
Q
  • Superficial enlargement of umbilical veins

- Pathognomonic of portal hypertension

A

Caput medusa

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23
Q

Significant labs in fatty liver disease

A
  • AST&raquo_space; ALT

- Really high TG

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24
Q

Excessive iron loading in the tissues due to a primary genetic defect

A

Hereditary hemochromatosis

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25
Rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by excessive amounts of copper in the brain, liver, kidneys, and cornea
Wilson's disease
26
Kayser-Fleischer rings in the eyes are associated with what?
Wilson's disease
27
Wilson's disease is caused by low levels of what?
Ceruloplasmin
28
Where are the stones in Cholelithiasis?
Gallbladder body
29
Where are the stones in Cholecystitis?
Cystic duct
30
Where are the stones in choledocholithiasis?
Common bile duct
31
Where would stones be that might cause pancreatitis?
Ampulla of Vater
32
Charcot's triad consists of what and is associated with what?
- RUQ pain - Jaundice - Fever with chills - -> Acute Cholangitis
33
RUQ pain, jaundice, fever with chills
Charcot's triad
34
Gold standard to diagnose acute pancreatitis
CT abdomen
35
Prognosticator of acute pancreatitis mortality
Ranson's criteria
36
Cullen sign
Blue umbilical region
37
Turner's sign
Green/brown flanks
38
Common cause of "backpacker's" diarrhea
- Cambylobacter | - Giardiasis
39
Common source of cambylobacter
Chickens
40
Gram (-) flagella
Cambylobacter
41
Gram (-) organism causing bile-colored diarrhea
Cambylobacter
42
Leading cause of food poisoning
Salmonella
43
Common sources of salmonella
Turkey, Duck, Chicken (TURKDUCKEN)
44
Watery diarrhea, occasionally with mucus and blood
Salmonella
45
Multiple, small volume, bloody, mucoid stools
Shigella
46
Moderate to severe diarrhea with 10-12 stools per day
E. coli 0157:H7
47
E. coli 0157:H7 tx
NO ANTIBIOTICS
48
Explosive stools with violent, repeated vomiting/retching
Staph aureus toxin
49
Major cause of traveler's diarrhea
Enterotoxic E. coli
50
Virus responsible for gastroenteritis in most daycares
Rotavirus
51
Virus responsible for gastroenteritis in cruise ships
Norwalk virus
52
Get this from "pristine mountain streams"
Giardiasis
53
- Explosive, loose stools - Flatulence - Audible borborygmi
Giardiasis
54
Giardiasis tx
Metronidazole
55
Hernia lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
Direct inguinal hernia
56
Hernia passes through the inguinal ring
Indirect
57
Fat-soluble vitamins
A, D, E, K
58
Drug that interferes with regeneration of vitamin K in the liver
Coumadin
59
Drug accelerates metabolism of vitamin B6
Isoniazid
60
Drug that reduces intestinal vitamin K synthesis
Penicillins
61
Drugs that cause impaired vitamin D metabolism
Phenytoin or Phenobarbitol
62
Drugs that affect folate metabolism
Sulfa
63
Major circulating form of D3
Calcidiol
64
Most potent physiological active form of D3
Calcitriol
65
Vitamin D is responsible for regulation of what other....things?
Calcium and phosphorus
66
Antioxidant in the lipid phase of cell membranes
Vitamin E
67
Function of Vitamin E
Antioxidant in the lipid phase of cell membranes
68
Factors that are dependent of vitamin K
2, 7, 9, 10, protein C and protein S
69
Vitamin B1 function
Plays a role in nerve conduction
70
Vitamin that plays a role in nerve conduction
Vitamin B1
71
Beriberi
Lack of Vitamin B1
72
Wet beriberi affects what system in the body?
CV system
73
Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis are caused by what?
B1 deficiency
74
Amnesia and impaired learning caused by Vitamin B1 deficiency
Korsakoff's psychosis
75
Role of vitamin B2
Essential for the conversion of Vitamin B6 to it's active form (Riboflavin B2)
76
Function of biotin
Energy production
77
Function of Niacin
Energy production
78
Responsible for energy production
Biotin and Niacin
79
Pellagra
- Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia | - Deficiency of Niacin
80
What kind of anemia can result from B6 deficiency?
Sideroblastic anemia
81
Function of vitamin C
- Collagen synthesis - Carnitine biosynthesis (breaks down fats) - Regenerates vitamin E
82
What's responsible for regeneration of vitamin E?
Vit C
83
Why do we not worry about pantothenic acid deficiency?
It's wide-spread in foods
84
Vit B9 is AKA ?
Folate
85
B9 works with B12 to form what?
Hgb
86
Folate deficiency causes?
Megaloblastic anemia
87
Absorption of B12 requires what?
intrinsic factor
88
B12 deficiency causes what?
Megaloblastic anemia and neuropathy
89
Creatinine is an energy molecule - no question
.....??
90
Role of CLA
Reduces fat by 3g/day
91
Obese BMI
> 30
92
"Mousy" urine odor associated with?
PKU

Clin Med I (4 decks)

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