Radiology Block Test

Question 1

fracture which goes at an angle to the axis

Answer 1

oblique

Question 2

a fracture of many relatively small fragments

Answer 2

comminuted

Question 3

a fracture which runs around the axis of a bone

Answer 3

spiral

Question 4

a fracture which breaks the skin

Answer 4

open

Question 5

greenstick fracture

Answer 5

• common in children

- a fracture accompanied by a sort of bend in the bone

Question 6

avulsion fracture

Answer 6

fracture caused by pulling from a ligament or tendon

Question 7

pathologic fracture

Answer 7

fracture in bone that is abnormal due to a tumor or metabolic disorder

Question 8

fractures that involve a growth plate

Answer 8

Salter-Harris fractures

Question 9

Salter-Harris, grade I fracture

Answer 9

fracture of just the growth plate

Question 10

fracture of the metaphysis and growth plate, sparing the epiphysis

Answer 10

Salter-Harris, grade II fracture

Question 11

Salter-Harris, grade III fracture

Answer 11

fracture through the growth plate and epiphysis, sparing the metaphysis

Question 12

Salter-Harris, grade IV fracture

Answer 12

fracture through all three elements of bone: metaphysis, growth plate (physis), and epiphysis

Question 13

compression fracture of the growth plate

Answer 13

Salter-Harris, grade V fracture

Question 14

most common sites of spinal fractures

Answer 14

C1-C2
C5-C7
T9-L2

Question 15

Jefferson’s fracture

Answer 15

• burst fracture of the ring of C1

- due to axial loading (diving into pool)

Question 16

odontoid fracture cause

Answer 16

caused by subluxation of C1 and C2

Question 17

Hangman’s fracture

Answer 17

• fx of the posterior elements of C2
• hyperextension fracture
• involves subluxation of C2 over C3

Question 18

Clay shoveler’s fracture

Answer 18

• fx of the spinous processes of C6, C7, T1, or T2

- hyperflexion injury

Question 19

fracture of the pars interarticularis

Answer 19

spondylolysis

Question 20

spondylolithesis

Answer 20

fracture of the pars interarticularis with subluxation of the vertebrae

Question 21

deformity of the humeral head caused by multiple dislocations

Answer 21

hill-sachs deformity

Question 22

most common fracture of the elbow

Answer 22

radial head fx

Question 23

nightstick fx

Answer 23

fx of the midpoint of the ulna

Question 24

fx of the proximal ulna with dislocation of the radial head

Answer 24

Monteggia fx

Question 25

fx of the distal radius with dislocation of the ulnar head from the wrist

Answer 25

Galeazzi fx

Question 26

Colles' fracture

Answer 26

- Most common fx of the wrist - Fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation of the distal fragment (the distal fragment is the entire hand) - Also includes a fracture of the ulnar styloid - Mechanism of injury (MOI) is falling on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)

Question 27

Smith fracture

Answer 27

-fx of the distal radius and ulnar styloid with volar (palmer) angulation of the hand

Question 28

Torus (buckle) fracture

Answer 28

- compression fracture of the radius | - usually in childre

Question 29

Most common of the carpal fractures

Answer 29

scaphoid fracture

Question 30

Boxer's fracture

Answer 30

- fracture of the 5th metacarpal | - often with angulation towards the palmer surface

Question 31

Bennett fracture

Answer 31

-fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal

Question 32

Rolando fracture

Answer 32

-fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal (like the Bennett fracture), but with more fragments

Question 33

Gamekeeper's fracture

Answer 33

- avulsion fracture of the thumb | - MOI: hyperextension of the thumb (like in skiing)

Question 34

Avulsion fracture of the base of the palmer surface of the middle phalanx

Answer 34

Volar plate fracture

Question 35

Sign involving increased joint space in the acetabulum

Answer 35

- crescent sign | - seen in avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Question 36

x-ray view showing the relationship of patella to the anterior femur

Answer 36

Sunrise or Merchant view

Question 37

x-ray view of the knee that best shows the patella and joint effusions

Answer 37

lateral view with partial flexion

Question 38

Tunnel view

Answer 38

x-ray view of the knee showing the tibial spines and the femoral condyles

Question 39

calcification of the articular cartilage

Answer 39

chondrocalcinosis

Question 40

trimalleolar fracture

Answer 40

fracture of both malleoli with dislocation of the tibia

Question 41

fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal

Answer 41

Jones' fracture

Question 42

stress fx of the 5th metatarsal occurs where?

Answer 42

occurs in the distal portion of the base

Question 43

fx of the most proximal portion of the base of the 5th metatarsal

Answer 43

Avulsion fx

Question 44

Lisfranc fx

Answer 44

fx of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th MT with lateral dislocation

Question 45

stress fracture of 2nd, 3rd, or 4th MT

Answer 45

March fx

Question 46

most common benign tumor of the lung

Answer 46

harmartoma

Question 47

most common type of lung cancer

Answer 47

adenocarcinoma

Question 48

pericardial effusions must be greater than ______ to see on CXR

Answer 48

250mL

Question 49

largest complain of pulmonary embolism

Answer 49

chest pain and shortness of breath

Question 50

Hampton's Hump

Answer 50

- wedge-shaped pleural infiltrate | - sign of pulmonary embolism

Question 51

Westermark's sign

Answer 51

- dilation of the pulmonary arteries proximal to the embolism, and an abrupt collapse of the arteries distal to it - sign of pulmonary embolism

Question 52

magnification

Answer 52

objects closer to the Xray beam appear larger

Question 53

Distortion

Answer 53

occurs when an object is not perpendicular to Xray machine

Question 54

What are the 5 factors that affect the quality of an image?

Answer 54

1. Thickness 2. Motion 3. Scatter 4. Magnification 5. Distortion

Question 55

Fluoroscopy

Answer 55

X- ray tube and fluorescent screen - this is used for real time motion (heart, diaphragm, abdomen) - also used for guided placement of objects during procedures

Question 56

Tomography

Answer 56

XRAY tube and film more synchronously around a focal point. Images are in slices

Question 57

Which test would you use for lungs, kidney, and bony structures?

Answer 57

Tomography

Question 58

PET scan

Answer 58

Positron Emission Tomography

Question 59

What is a PET scan used for?

Answer 59

for increased cellular activity indicating cancer.