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GI Flashcards

1
Q

The findings of severe temporal-masseter muscle atrophy plus difficulty opening the mouth (even when the animal is anesthetized) suggests what?

A

Chronic temporal-masseter myositis

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2
Q

What serum antibodies indicate Masticatory muscle myositis but not polymyopathy?

A

Type 2M

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3
Q

What is the first thing to rule out with neurogenic dysphagia in the oral, pharyngeal or cricopharyngeal phases?

A

Rabies

Then CN deficits

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4
Q

What is expectoration?

A

Repulsion of material from the respiratory tract.

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5
Q

What is the pH of fresh vomit vs regurg?

A

Vomit 5

Regurgitation 7

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6
Q

Dysphagic animals often aspirate or cough after eating what type of food?

A

Fluid.

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7
Q

Dysphagic regurgitating animals commonly have what sort of etiology vs regurgitating non-dysphagic animals?

A

Regurgitating dysphagic animals - Oral, pharyngeal or cricopharyngeal dysfunction

Non-dysphagic regurgitating animals - Esophageal

SO ASK IF DYSPHAGIC.. that narrows down what you are looking for.

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8
Q

What are the two main reasons for esophageal regurg?

A

Obstruction

Muscular weakness

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9
Q

cicatrix means?

A

Scarring of healed wound or esophagitis.

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10
Q

Esophageal obstructions are commonly caused by what things?

A

FB

Vascular anomalies

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11
Q

What should esophageal obstructions be categorized as?

A

Congenital vs aquired

Intraluminal, intramural or extraesophageal

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12
Q

What are some acquire causese for esophageal weakness?

A

Severe esophagitis (Reflux, hiatal hernia, FB, Ingetion of caustic things (doxycycline, clindamycin, cirprofloxacin), Gastrinoma, MCT, Fungal infection)

Botulism
Tetanus
Distemper
Dermatomyositis (collies)

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13
Q

What other lesions can you look for in dogs with canine distemper?

A

Retinal lesions

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14
Q

What are the cranial nerves involved in swallowing?

A

5, 7, 9, 10, 11 12

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15
Q

What are the two types of benign gastric hypertrophy?

A

Muscular plyoric hypertrophy

  • Younger, Brachycephalic dogs
  • Muscularis

Antral Mucosal hypertrophy

  • Old dog, small breed
  • Mucosal
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16
Q

What is the “minute virus of canines”?

A

Canine parvovirus - 1

- not classic parvo but cause gastroenteritis, pneumonitis and myocarditis in 1-3 week old dog

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17
Q

What breeds are more predisposed to CPV-2?

A

Dobies, Rotties, pitties, labs and GSD

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18
Q

In CPV-2 diarrhea may be absent when?

A

The first 24-48h of disease

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19
Q

Cerebellar hypoplasia in kittens is caused by what virus?

A

Feline panleukopenia virus

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20
Q

Histoplamosis most commonly involves what organ in dogs and what organ in cats?

A

Dog - GI, colon most severely affected causing focal granulomas
Cat - lung

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21
Q

Histoplasmosis commonly causes what in affected dogs?

A

PLE

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22
Q

Histoplasmosis can show what on abdominal radiographs?

A

Hepatosplenomegaly

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23
Q

Prototheca most commonly affects what breed?

24
Q

Granulomatous reaction can cause what electrolyte imbalance?

A

Hypercalcemia

25
The two organs primarily affected by heterobilharzia?
Liver and SI
26
What is steatorrhea?
Gray stools
27
What species gets hypereosinophilic syndrome?
Cats
28
What breed of dogs get a immunoproliferative enteropathy?
Basenjis (3-4 years old) | PLE
29
Enteropathy specific to two other dog breeds?
Shar-peis | Shibasz
30
What are the top two common causes for PLE in older dogs?
IBD | Lymphoma
31
What are the top two common causes for PLE in young dogs?
Hookworms | Chronic intussusception
32
Lymphangiectasia has to affect the entire SI. T/F
False... segmental lymphangiectasia is common.
33
Lymphangiectasia can be caused by?
``` Lymphatic obstruction Pericarditis or right sided heart failure Infiltrative mesenteric lymph node Iniltrative mucosal disease Congenital Idiopathic (MOST COMMON) ```
34
What breed is at a higher risk for lymphangiectasia?
Yorkies | Soft-coated wheaten terriers
35
Lymphangiectasia is diagnosed by?
Histopathology | Hyperechoic striations are highly suggestive of.
36
Incarcerated intestine means?
A bowel loop that is in a different cavity (herination).
37
What breed most commonly gets a mesenteric torsion?
GSD
38
Ileocolic intussusception may occur with what other pathology besides enteritis?
``` Leptospirosis AKI Prior intestinal surgery Worm burden Mass ```
39
The intussusceptum is what?
the bowel inside
40
What secondary peritonitis vs primary?
Secondary is usually from a ruptured GI or gall bladder Primary or spontaneous - maybe translocation
41
Most common time for dehiscence?
3-6 days
42
What are the three increased risks for dehiscence?
<2.5 serum albumin Foreign body surgery Preoperative peritonitis
43
What can mimic mesothelioma?
Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis
44
What are common etiologies for carcinomatosis?
Intestinal and pancreatic adenocarcinomas
45
Mesothelioma often causes what effusion?
Bicavitary
46
Mesothelioma may look like what on Ultrasound?
Multiple fragile clots adhering to peritoneal surfaces
47
What is the most common cause for a vascular ring anomaly?
PRAA - 4th right.
48
Besides obstruction what else can cause a diverticulum of the esophagus in the cranial thorax?
Esophageal weakness.
49
Types off esophageal weakness?
Congential and acquired
50
What is a common treatment for criocopharyngeal achalasia?
Criopharyngeal muscle myotomy
51
Don't forget these reasons for esophageal weakness or megaesophagus.
``` Dysautonomia Hypothyroid Addisons Organophosphate Lead Idiopathetic ```
52
Two main reasons for esophageal regurgitation?
Obstruction or muscular weakness.
53
What two neoplastic disease can cause ulcers due to chemicals released?
Gastrinoma | MCT
54
What are the three categories of chronic small intestinal diarrhea?
Maldigestion Non-protein-losing malabsortive (Dysbiosis/antibiotic-responsive enteropathy) Malabsorptive
55
Esophageal weakness in collies with derm lesions?
dermatomyositis

Internal Medicine (12 decks)

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