GI Anatomy - Jaundice Flashcards
(74 cards)
Jaundice:
Yellowing of the slcera and skin
Caused by increase in the blood levels of bilirubin
Bilirubin:
Normal by-product of the break down of red blood cells
Breakdown mainly occurs in the spleen
Where does breakdown of bilirubin primarily occur?
Spleen
What is the function of bilirubin in the liver, gallbladder and small intestine?
Liver - used to form bile
Gallbladder - plays role in storage and concentration of bile
Small Intes. - important or normal absorption of fats from the small intestine
(pancrease also excretes digestive enzymes into duodenum for digestion)
How does bile travel from the liver to the duodenum?
Biliary Tree
= a set of tubes connecting the liver to the 2nd part of the duodenum (bile travels through)
What is the surface anatomy of the liver?
Located in RUQ
Protected by ribs 7-11
Location changes in breathing
How many anatomical and functional lobes does the liver have?
Anatomical - 4
Functional - 8 (related to vasculature and bile drainage)
What lobes are visible from the anterior and posterior view of the liver?
Anterior - right and left lobe
Posterior - Right, Left, Quadrate (inferior), Caudate (superior)
What ligament divides the right and left lobe of the liver on the anterior surface?
Falciform ligament
What is the Round ligament of the liver?
Remnant of the umbilical vein
= a degenerative string of tissue that exists in the free edge of the falciform ligament of the liver. The round ligament divides the left part of the liver into medial and lateral sections.
Porta Hepatis:
Site of entrance for portal triad structures
= The porta hepatis is a deep fissure in the inferior surface of the liver through which all the neurovascular structures (except hepatic veins) and hepatic ducts enter or leave the liver
Portal Triad:
The portal triad is composed of a branch of the hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile duct.
Contains the main structures that enter or leave the liver parenchyma
What does each functional segment of the liver possess?
- branch of hepatic artery
- branch of hepatic portal vein (blood from other abdo. organs to the liver)
- bile drainage (to bile duct)
- Venous drainage ( to IVC
What happens to the hepatic veins before they enter the IVC?
The hepatic veins carrying deoxygenated blood from the liver come together as 3 veins before entering the IVC
Which ligament do the structures of the portal triad run within?
Hepatoduodenal Ligament (of lesser omentum)
Portal triad contains hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, bile duct.
Distinguishing features of Coeliac Trunk:
1st of 3 midline branches of the abdominal aorta
Retroperitoneal
Leave aorta at T12 vertebral level
What area does the Coeliac Trunk supply?
Foregut organs
The coeliac trunk trifurcates into which 3 branches?
Splenic Artery
Left gastric artery
Common hepatic artery
What organs do the branches of the coeliac trunk supply?
Splenic - spleen
Left gastric - lesser curvature of stomach (+ lower oesophagus)
Common hepatic - liver, pylorus of the stomach, duodenum and pancreas
Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery:
The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas.
It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery (supplies pylorus and + proximal duodenum, branch of common hepatic)
What is the surface anatomy of the spleen?
- located within left hypochondrium
- Protected by ribs 9-11
True/False:
The spleen is a retroperitoneal organ
False
The spleen is intraperitoneal
What is the major blood supply of the lesser curvature of the stomach?
Right (from hepatic artery proper) and Left (coeliac trunk branch) gastric arteries
They anastamose together
What is the major blood supply of the greater curvature of the stomach?
Right (from gastro-duodenal artery) and Left (from splenic proper) Gastro-omental arteries
They anastamose together