GI Buzzwords Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is gingival hypertrophy associated with?
Gingivectomy or biting on own gums; side effect of Calcium Channel Blockers or phenytoin
Gingival hypertrophy refers to the overgrowth of gum tissue, which can be caused by certain medications.
What does a bird beak appearance in imaging indicate?
Achalasia; if in lower GI imaging, it is a sign of bowel obstruction
Achalasia is a condition affecting the esophagus where it fails to open properly.
What are the signs of acute pancreatitis?
Grey Turner’s sign and Cullen’s sign positive
Grey Turner’s sign indicates lumbar redness, while Cullen’s sign indicates umbilical redness.
What mnemonic can be used for the causes of acute pancreatitis?
GET SMASHED:
* Gallstones
* Ethanol
* Trauma
* Steroids
* Mumps
* Autoimmune
* Scorpion bites/stings
* Hyperlipidaemia/hyperthermia/hypercalcaemia
* ERCP
* Drugs
This mnemonic helps in memorizing various triggers for acute pancreatitis.
What does a positive Murphy’s sign indicate?
Cholecystitis
Murphy’s sign is a clinical test used to detect gallbladder inflammation.
What are the symptoms of biliary obstruction?
Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain
These symptoms arise when bile flow is blocked.
What are the signs of portal hypertension and ascites?
Abdominal distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness
Portal hypertension is increased blood pressure in the portal venous system.
Which skin conditions are associated with Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis?
Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum
These conditions are inflammatory skin disorders often linked to inflammatory bowel diseases.
What does ‘tinkling bowel sounds’ indicate?
Bowel obstruction
This term describes the sound of fluid and gas moving through a blocked intestine.
What are the symptoms of Coeliac Disease?
Vesicular rash and weight loss
Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten.
What does Virchow’s node indicate?
Gastric cancer
Virchow’s node is an enlarged left supraclavicular lymph node associated with abdominal malignancies.
What test is used to detect H. pylori infection?
Urea breath test
This non-invasive test detects the presence of H. pylori bacteria in the stomach.
What does the 14C breath test indicate?
Bacterial overgrowth
This test is used to assess the presence of excessive bacteria in the small intestine.
What type of stools are associated with vibrio cholera?
Rice-water-like stools
This is a characteristic symptom of cholera infection.
What is primary biliary cirrhosis characterized by?
Presence of AMA (Anti-mitochondrial antibodies)
This autoimmune disease affects the bile ducts in the liver.
What antibodies are present in autoimmune hepatitis?
ASMA (anti-smooth muscle antibodies)
This condition is characterized by liver inflammation due to an autoimmune response.
What does an Alpha Feto Protein assay indicate?
Hepatocellular carcinoma or teratoma
Elevated levels of AFP can indicate certain types of liver cancer or germ cell tumors.
What does ‘cobblestone mucosa’ indicate?
Deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa found in Crohn’s Disease
This term describes the appearance of the intestinal lining in Crohn’s disease.
What diuretic is used for ascites due to cirrhosis?
Spironolactone
This medication helps to reduce fluid retention.
What does a corkscrew esophagus on barium swallow indicate?
Diffuse esophageal spasm
This condition involves irregular contractions of the esophagus.
What can cause severe abdominal pain and D&V after consuming raw milk?
Campylobacter
Campylobacter is a common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis.
What is Russell’s sign?
Self-induced vomiting
This sign is often seen in individuals with eating disorders.
What are Mallory’s hyaline bodies associated with?
Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis
These structures are seen in liver biopsies of affected individuals.
