Respiratory buzzwords

Question 1

What does stony dullness to percussion indicate?

Answer 1

Pleural Effusion

Question 2

What is the most likely cause of right-sided pleuritic chest pain?

Answer 2

Pneumonia

Question 3

What findings on X-ray indicate pulmonary oedema?

Answer 3

Alveolar bat’s wings, Kerley B lines, cardiomegaly, dilated prominent upper lobe vessels

Question 4

What does a ground-glass appearance on X-ray suggest?

Answer 4

Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory Distress Syndrome of the newborn

Question 5

What does a Ziehl-Neelsen stain positive for acid-fast bacilli indicate?

Answer 5

TB

Question 6

What type of necrosis is associated with tuberculosis?

Answer 6

Caseous necrosis

Question 7

What is an Assmann focus in relation to tuberculosis?

Answer 7

Apical lesion of secondary TB

Question 8

What is miliary tuberculosis?

Answer 8

Spread of organism into bloodstream

Question 9

What antibodies are positive in Goodpasture’s syndrome?

Answer 9

Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

Question 10

What infection is associated with having a parrot or pigeon as a pet?

Answer 10

Chlamydophila psittaci

Question 11

What infection is suggested by dry cough and diarrhoea after a holiday abroad?

Answer 11

Legionella pneumophila

Question 12

What condition is suggested by a tall, thin young man who indulges in marijuana?

Answer 12

Pneumothorax

Question 13

What are the key symptoms of sarcoidosis?

Answer 13

Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

Question 14

What does the signet ring sign on CT indicate?

Answer 14

Bronchiectasis

Question 15

What does the ‘steeple’ sign on X-ray suggest?

Answer 15

Laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

Question 16

What is a common symptom of croup?

Answer 16

Barking cough

Question 17

What type of pneumonia is associated with HIV?

Answer 17

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 18

What triad is characterized by asthma, nasal polyps, and salicylate sensitivity?

Answer 18

Samter’s Triad

Question 19

What pathogen is a danger for aspiration pneumonia in alcoholics?

Answer 19

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 20

What does red jelly sputum indicate?

Answer 20

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 21

What type of sputum is associated with Chlamydia psittaci?

Answer 21

Mucoid sputum

Question 22

What does rusty sputum indicate?

Answer 22

Pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 23

What are cannonball metastases classically from?

Answer 23

Primary renal cell carcinoma

Question 24

What can morning headaches indicate?

Answer 24

Hypercapnia or side effects of organic nitrates

Question 25

What type of lung tumor secretes ACTH?

Answer 25

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Question 26

What type of lung tumor secretes PTH?

Answer 26

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung

Question 27

What is notable about small-cell carcinoma?

Answer 27

Neuroendocrine, highly malignant, may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

Question 28

What laboratory findings are increased in sarcoidosis?

Answer 28

Serum ACE and Ca2+

Question 29

What does eggshell calcification at the hilar region suggest?

Answer 29

Silicosis

Question 30

What are heart-failure cells?

Answer 30

Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin

Question 31

What is a Ghon Focus?

Answer 31

Area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung in tuberculosis

Question 32

What does a 'coin lesion' on chest radiographs indicate?

Answer 32

Rounded solitary lesion

Question 33

What is Horner’s Syndrome?

Answer 33

Signs include ptosis, enophthalmos, miosis, lack of sweating on the ipsilateral side of the face

Question 34

What does the acronym OSHIT MAN stand for in acute asthma management?

Answer 34

Oxygen, Salbutamol, Hydrocortisone, Ipratropium Bromide, Theophylline, Magnesium, Anaesthetist

Question 35

What does the thumbprint sign on head X-ray indicate?

Answer 35

Epiglottitis

Question 36

What is indicated by an inspiratory whoop or barking cough?

Answer 36

Pertussis

Question 37

What does a snowstorm appearance on X-ray suggest?

Answer 37

Baritosis, silicosis

Question 38

What is the management acronym for infective exacerbation of COPD?

Answer 38

iSOAP

Question 39

What type of lung cancer is associated with non-smokers?

Answer 39

Peripheral adenocarcinoma

Question 40

Which types of lung cancers are typically central?

Answer 40

Squamous and Small-cell lung cancers

Question 41

What does a high D-dimer suggest?

Answer 41

Suspect Pulmonary Embolism

Question 42

What does a low D-dimer indicate?

Answer 42

Exclude Pulmonary Embolism

Question 43

What is the treatment for large pulmonary embolisms?

Answer 43

Thrombolysis

Question 44

What is the treatment for small pulmonary embolisms?

Answer 44

Low Molecular Weight Heparin