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Nur 4410 Peds Exam #2 > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Mouth, esophagus, stomach

Responsible for nutrient intake and ingestion

A

Upper GI tract

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2
Q

Small & large intestines
Handles remainder of digestion, absorption, and metabolism
Elimination

A

Lower GI tract

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3
Q

Built-in safeguard to prevent choking while sucking and swallowing
Quicker gastric emptying time
Liver and pancreas not fully mature until 6 months of age
Pancreatic lipase not adequately secreted until 1 year – problem with digesting fats until then

A

Infants

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4
Q

Reduced caloric needs from infancy

Sporadic appetites

A

Toddlers

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5
Q

Appetite fluctuations continue

GI tract mature

A

Preschool

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6
Q

Most common type of hernia in children

5x more likely in males

A

Inguinal Hernia

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7
Q

Signs & symptoms
Swelling/bulging in inguinal area
May be worse with straining

A

Inguinal Hernia

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8
Q

Nursing Care for Inguinal Hernia

A

Surgery (ante operative care)

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9
Q

Most common type of hernia in infants

A

Umbilical Hernia

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10
Q

Signs & Symptoms
Swelling on umbilical area
Reducible

A

Umbilical Hernia

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11
Q

Nursing Care for Umbilical Hernia

A

Most resolve spontaneously by 3-5 yrs of age

Surgery – if persist past age 5y

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12
Q

Caused by abnormal or arrested development
Range from simple to complex
S/S
Generally apparent at birth

A

Anorectal Malformations

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13
Q

Nursing Care for anorectal malformations

A

Depends on the extent of the malformation

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14
Q

Structural GI disorders

A

Inguinal Hernia
Umbilical Hernia
Anorectal Malformations

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15
Q 
Cause unknown
Males > females
Signs & Symptoms: 
Projectile vomiting
Olive-shaped mass in abdomen
A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

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16
Q

Diagnosis for Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A

Upper GI, Ultrasound

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17
Q

Nursing Care for Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A

Post surgical, Education for parents

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18
Q

Intestine telescopes into itself

Males > females

A

Intussesception

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19
Q

S&S of Intussesception

A

Currant jelly stools
Acute onset abdominal pain
Sausage-shaped mass in RUQ

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20
Q

Diagnosis of Intussesception

A

Abdominal US

Barium/air enema

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21
Q

Nursing Care for Intussesception

A

Post surgical

Education and reassurance to parents

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22
Q

Signs & Symptoms
Most common during first month of life: intermittent bilious vomit, abdominal distention, recurrent pain, palpable epigastric mass, dehydration & lethargy

A

Malrotation & Volvulus

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23
Q

Diagnosis of Malrotation & Volvulus

A

Barium enema or Upper GI

Will show corkscrew, coiled, or bird’s beak appearance

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24
Q

Complications of Malrotation & Volvulus

A

Intestinal necrosis, peritonitis, perforation, short bowel, death

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25
Nursing Care of Malrotation & Volvulus
Surgical
26
Obstructive GI Disorders
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Intussesception Malrotation & Volvulus
27
Most common in school-age/adolescence | Cause is motor, autonomic, psychological
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
28
S/S | Abd pain, gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
29
Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
based on H/P
30
Nursing Care for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Dietary, Stress reduction, Education
31
Chronic inflammatory disease with periods of exacerbations and remissions. “Skip lesions” in the bowel
Crohn's Disease
32
S&S of Crohn's Disease
Abdominal pain Diarrhea Anorexia/weight loss
33
Nursing Care for Crohn's Disease
Corticosteriods Flagyl Surgery Emotional support
34
Acute or chronic inflammation of a continuous segment of the colon
Ulcerative Colitis
35
S&S of Ulcerative Colitis
Recurrent bloody diarrhea Urgency Tenesmus (painful spasms) *Systemic Symptoms*
36
Nursing Care for Ulcerative Colitis
Immunomodulatory agents Steroids Nutrition Surgical
37
Inflammation of the appendix
Appendicitis
38
What percent of appendix's with appendicitis will perforate within 48hours
80%
39
S&S of Appendicitis
Periumbilical pain followed by RLQ pain | Vomiting, anorexia, fever
40
Nursing Care for Appendicitis
Surgical | Antibiotics if perforation
41
Infection of umbilical stump
Omphalitis
42
S&S of Omphalitis
Redness and edema of soft tissue around umbilical stump
43
Nursing Care for Omphalitis
Parental education | IV antibiotics
44
Inflammatory GI Disorders
``` IBS Crohn's Ulcerative Colitis Appendicitis Omphalitis ```
45
What is the cause of Infantile Colic?
unknown
46
S&S of Infantile Colic:
Persistent, unexplained crying or fussing in infants younger than 3 MONTHS Crying episodes last 3 hours per DAY, >3 days per WEEK, and >3 WEEKS Infant pulls both legs and arms to a FLEXED position
47
Nursing Care for Infantile Colic requires Education on what topics?
``` Education Over or underfeeding Inadequate burping Maternal anxiety Cigarette smoke ```
48
Excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes in the stools
Acute Diarrhea
49
Causes of Acute Diarrhea
Infection Diet Medications Toxins
50
4Types of Acute Diarrhea
Osmotic Secretory Motility disorders Inflammatory Disorders
51
Nursing Care for Acute Diarrhea
Most Cases are Self-limiting Oral rehydration IV rehydration
52
1 or more liquid to semiliquid stools passed per day for 14 days or longer Usually associated with a chronic disease
Chronic Diarrhea
53
Common Cause of Shaken Baby Syndrome
Infantile Colic
54
Diagnosis of Chronic Diarrhea
Stool cultures, O/P, Occult blood, fats
55
Nursing Care for Chronic Diarrhea
Treat underlying cause | Similar to treatment of acute diarrhea
56
Difficult or infrequent passage of hard stool
Constipation
57
Hard, palpable stool on abdomen | Poor appetite, straining with stools
Constipation
58
Nursing Care for Constipation
Bowel retraining Education Nutrition
59
Stool incontinence beyond age 4y
Encopresis
60
Involuntary Encopresis
with constipation
61
Voluntary Encopresis
without constipation
62
S&S of Encopresis
Stained underwear, constipation symptoms, anorexia, abdominal pain
63
Nursing Care for Encopresis
Bowel retraining Education Nutrition
64
What percent of infants <2months of age have symptoms?
50%
65
S&S of GERD
Vomiting & Regurgitation Fussiness Refusal to eat Choking, Coughing, Wheezing, Apnea
66
Diagnosis of GERD
H/P | pH study or swallow study
67
When do most cases of GERD improve/resolve?
by 9months of age
68
Nursing Care for GERD
Elevate HOB | Nissen fundoplication - worst cases
69
Congenital absence of Meissner’s and Auerbach’s autonomic plexus in the bowel wall
Hirschsprung Disease
70
S&S of Hirschsprung Disease
Failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life, failure to thrive, poor feeding, enterocolitis
71
Nursing Care for Hirschsprung Disease
Surgical resection May or may not have a colostomy Neorectum
72
Functional GI Conditions
``` Infantile Colic Acute Diarrhea Chronic Diarrhea Constipation Encopresis GERD Hirschsprung Disease ```
73
Inability to digest milk and dairy – deficient in lactase
Lactose Intolerance
74
S/S Lactose Intolerance
Bloating, Cramping, Diarrhea, Vomiting
75
Diagnosis of Lactose Intolerance
H/P, Dietary Elimination Trial
76
Nursing Care for Lactose Intolerance
Nutrition, Education
77
Gluten-induced enteropathy and gluten-sensitive enteropathy causing damage to small bowel mucosa
Celiac Disease
78
S&S of Celiac Disease
Weight loss anorexia Listlessness Diarrhea
79
Nursing Care for Celiac Disease
Gluten-free diet, Support
80
Usually caused by surgical resection of small bowel Signs & Symptoms: Malnutrition & diarrhea Steatorrhea & carbohydrate malabsorption result in diarrhea and FTT
Short Bowel Syndrome
81
Nursing Care for Short Bowel Syndrome
``` Maintain adequate nutrition & prevent complications Tube feedings (NG & GT) Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via central line ```
82
Malabsorption GI Disorders
Lactose Intolerance Celiac Disease Short Bowel Syndrome
83
Idiopathic – causes intra and extrahepatic bile duct fibrosis and obstruction
Biliary Atresia
84
S&S of Biliary Atresia
Jaundice Dark Urine Light Stools
85
Nursing Care for Biliary Atresia
Kasai procedure Nutrition support TPN/LIPIDS
86
Occurs secondary to many liver and inflammatory conditions
Cirrhosis
87
S&S of Cirrhosis
Jaundice FTT Anorexia Fatigue
88
Nursing Care for Cirrhosis
Prevent Complications | Liver transplant
89
Hepatic Disorders
Biliary Atresia | Cirrhosis
90
type of diarrhea that occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels
Osmotic Diarrhea
91
an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage
Secretory Diarrhea

Nur 4410 Peds Exam #2 (9 decks)

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