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USMLE COPY COPY > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Cimetidine - use (3)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild esophageal reflux

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2
Q

Ranitidine - use (3)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild esophageal reflux

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3
Q

Famotidine - use (3)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild esophageal reflux

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4
Q

Nizatidine - use (3)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Mild esophageal reflux

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5
Q

Cimetidine - mech

A

H2 blocker - reversible block of histamine H2 receptors, decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

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6
Q

Ranitidine - mech

A

H2 blocker - reversible block of histamine H2 receptors, decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

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7
Q

Famotidine - mech

A

H2 blocker - reversible block of histamine H2 receptors, decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

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8
Q

Ranitidine - side fx

A

Decreases renal excretion of creatinine

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9
Q

Cimetidine - side fx (4)

A

Decreases renal excretion of creatinine
Inhibits CYP-450
Antiandrogenic effects
Cross BBB (confusion, dizziness, headache) and placenta\

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10
Q

PPI - prazoles - mech

A

Irreversibly blocks the H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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11
Q

PPI - prazoles - use (4)

A

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Esophageal reflux
Zollinger Ellison syndrome

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12
Q

PPI - prazoles - side fx

A

Increased risk of C. Diff infection & pneumonia
Decrease serum Mg long term

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13
Q

Bismuth - mech

A

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient in mucus layer

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14
Q

Bismuth - use (2)

A

Ulcer healing
Traveler’s diarrhea

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15
Q

Sucralfate - mech

A

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient in mucus layer

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16
Q

Sucralfate - use (2)

A

Ulcer healing
Traveler’s diarrhea

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17
Q

Misoprostol - mech (3)

A

PGE1 analog,
Increases production and secretion of the gastric mucous barrier
Decreases acid production

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18
Q

Misoprostol - use (3)

A

Prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers (NSAID blocks PGE1)
Maintenance of PDA
Off label for labor induction

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19
Q

Misoprostol - side fx (2)

A

Diarrhea
Contraindicated in childbearing women

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20
Q

Octreotide - mech

A

Somatostatin analogue, long acting
Inhibits action of many splanchnic vasoconstriction hormones

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21
Q

Octreotide - use (4)

A

Acromegaly
Carcinoid syndrome
VIPoma
Esophageal variceal bleeding

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22
Q

Octreotide - side fx (3)

A

Nausea
Cramps
Steatorhhea

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23
Q

Sulfasalazine - use (2)

A

Ulcerative colitis
Crohn’s Disease (colitis component)

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24
Q

Sulfasalazine - mech (2)

A

Combination of sulfapyridine (antibiotic) and 5-ASA (anti-inflammatory)
Activated by colonic bacteria

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25
Sulfasalazine - side fx (4)
Malaise Nausea Sulfonamide toxicity Reversible oligospermia
26
Ondansetron - mech (3)
5-HT3 antagonist Decrease vagal stimulation Powerful central acting anti-emetic
27
Ondansetron - clinical use
Control vomiting post-op and in patients undergoing cancer chemo
28
Ondansetron - side fx (3)
Headache Constipation QT interval prolongation
29
Metoclopramide - mech (3)
D2 receptor antagonist Increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility Does not influence colon transport time
30
Metoclopramide - use (2)
Diabetic and postsurgery gastroparesis Antiemetic
31
Metoclopramide - side fx
Parkinsonian effects & tardive dyskinesia Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, diarrhea Drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents Don't use in patients with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease
32
Orlistat - mech
Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase to decrease breakdown and absorption of dietary fats
33
Orlistat - use
Weight loss
34
Orlistat - side fx
Steatorrhea Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
35
Peptic ulcer Gastritis Mild esophageal reflux
Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine - use (3)
36
H2 blocker - reversible block of histamine H2 receptors, decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells
Cimetidine, Ranitidine, Famotidine, Nizatidine - mech
37
Decreases renal excretion of creatinine
Ranitidine - side fx
38
Decreases renal excretion of creatinine Inhibits CYP-450 Antiandrogenic effects Cross BBB (confusion, dizziness, headache) and placenta\
Cimetidine - side fx (4)
39
Irreversibly blocks the H/K ATPase in stomach parietal cells
PPI - prazoles - mech
40
Peptic ulcer Gastritis Esophageal reflux Zollinger Ellison syndrome
PPI - prazoles - use (4)
41
Increased risk of C. Diff infection & pneumonia Decrease serum Mg long term
PPI - prazoles - side fx
42
Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient in mucus layer
Bismuth, Sucralfate - mech
43
Ulcer healing, Traveler's diarrhea
Bismuth, Sucralfate - use (2)
44
PGE1 analog, Increases production and secretion of the gastric mucous barrier Decreases acid production
Misoprostol - mech (3)
45
Prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers (NSAID blocks PGE1) Maintenance of PDAOff label for labor induction
Misoprostol - use (3)
46
Diarrhea Contraindicated in childbearing women
Misoprostol - side fx (2)
47
Somatostatin analogue, long acting Inhibits action of many splanchnic vasoconstriction hormones
Octreotide - mech
48
Acromegaly Carcinoid syndrome VIPoma Esophageal variceal bleeding
Octreotide - use (4)
49
Nausea Cramps Steatorhhea
Octreotide - side fx (3)
50
Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's Disease (colitis component)
Sulfasalazine - use (2)
51
Combination of sulfapyridine (antibiotic) and 5-ASA (anti-inflammatory) Activated by colonic bacteria
Sulfasalazine - mech (2)
52
Malaise, Nausea, Sulfonamide toxicity, Reversible oligospermia
Sulfasalazine - side fx (4)
53
5-HT3 antagonist, Decrease vagal stimulation, Powerful central acting anti-emetic
Ondansetron - mech (3)
54
Control vomiting post-op and in patients undergoing cancer chemo
Ondansetron - clinical use
55
Headache Constipation QT interval prolongation
Ondansetron - side fx (3)
56
D2 receptor antagonist Increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility Does not influence colon transport time
Metoclopramide - mech (3)
57
Diabetic and postsurgery gastroparesis Antiemetic
Metoclopramide - use (2)
58
Parkinsonian effects & tardive dyskinesia Restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, diarrhea Drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents Don't use in patients with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease
Metoclopramide - side fx
59
Inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase to decrease breakdown and absorption of dietary fats
Orlistat - mech
60
Weight loss
Orlistat - use
61
Steatorrhea Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Orlistat - side fx
62
Magnesium hydroxide - mech
Osmotic laxative - provide osmotic load to draw water into the GI lumen
63
Magnesium hydroxide - use
Constipation
64
Magnesium hydroxide - side fx (3)
Diarrhea Dehydration Abused by bulimics
65
Magnesium citrate - mech
Osmotic laxative - provide osmotic load to draw water into the GI lumen
66
Magnesium citrate - use
Constipation
67
Magnesium citrate - side fx
Diarrhea Dehydration Abused by bulimics
68
PEG - mech
Osmotic laxative - provide osmotic load to draw water into the GI lumen
69
PEG - use
Constipation
70
PEG - side fx
Diarrhea Dehydration Abused by bulimics
71
Lactulose - mech
Osmotic laxative - osmotic load to draw water out of GI lumen
72
Lactulose - use
Constipation Treat hepatic encephelopathy
73
Lactulose - side fx
Diarrhea Dehydration Abused by bulimics
74
Osmotic laxative - provide osmotic load to draw water into the GI lumen
MgOH Mg Citrate PEG Lactulose
75
Constipation
MgOH Mg Citrate PEG
76
Constipation Hepatic encephelopathy
Lactulose
77
Diarrhea Dehydration Abuse by bulimics
Osmotic laxatives - MgOH, Mg Citrate, PEG, Lactulose

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