GI Drugs

Question 1

Which antibiotics cause GI upset?

Answer 1

1. Aminoglycosides
2. Tetracyclines
3. Metronidazole
4. Erythromycin

Question 2

Which antibiotic class causes pyrexia in the cat?

Answer 2

Tetracyclines

Question 3

Which antibiotics cause immune reactions?

Answer 3

1. Trimethoprim sulfa
2. Penicillins
3. ASA

Question 4

Which antibiotic can cause renal toxicity?

Answer 4

Aminoglycosides

Question 5

What are the most effective motility modifiers?

Answer 5

Opioids

Question 6

Opioids enhance what and decrease what?

Answer 6

1. Enhance segmental contractions
2. Decrease peristalsis
3. Reduce intestinal secretions

Question 7

What are 2 conditions in which you should avoid use of opioids as motility modifiers?

Answer 7

1. Cats

2. Invasive bacteria

Question 8

True or False: anticholinergic drugs increase peristaltic contractions.

Answer 8

FALSE - decrease peristaltic contractions

Question 9

Do NOT use anticholinergics in ___ patients.

Answer 9

Diarrheic

Question 10

Which intestinal protectant would you use to bind to toxins and/or bacteria?

Answer 10

Kaolin/pectin

Question 11

Which intestinal protectant can be used in cases of acute toxicoses?

Answer 11

Activated charcoal

Question 12

Which intestinal protectant can be useful in cases of secretory diarrhea?

Answer 12

Bismuth subsalicylate

Question 13

What is pepto-bismol?

Answer 13

Bismuth subsalicylate

Question 14

What are causes of gastric ulceration and erosion?

Answer 14

1. Drugs (NSAIDs, steroids)
2. Mucosal ischemia
3. CNS disease
4. Liver disease
5. Renal disease
6. Mucosal inflammation (IBD, neoplasia)

Question 15

What are the clinical signs associated with gastric ulceration or erosioin?

Answer 15

1. Vomiting
2. Melena
3. Weight loss
4. Decreased food intake
5. Abdominal pain

Question 16

Mg salts may cause ____.

Answer 16

Diarrhea

Question 17

Ca++ salts may cause ____.

Answer 17

Constipation

Question 18

Name 3 histamine antagonists.

Answer 18

1. Cimetidine
2. Famotidine
3. Ranitidine

Question 19

Which histamine antagonist is a prokinetic?

Answer 19

Ranitidine

Question 20

Where in the GIT does Ranitidine stimulate smooth muscle activity?

Answer 20

Aboral to the pylorus

Question 21

Sucralfate inactivates ____ and activates ____.

Answer 21

Sucralfate inactivates PEPSINS and activates PGE.

Question 22

Which pump does Omeprazole inhibit?

Answer 22

H+/K+ ATPase pump

Question 23

What are 2 adverse effects of omeprazole?

Answer 23

1. SIBO

2. Achlorhydria

Question 24

What are the 4 main effects of mucosal PGEs?

Answer 24

1. Decrease H+ secretion
2. Increase mucus secretion
3. Increase gastric blood flow
4. Increase HCO3 production

Question 25

Name 4 prokinetic drugs.

Answer 25

1. Metoclopramide 2. Cisapride 3. H2 blockers (ranitidine, nizatidine) 4. Erythromycin

Question 26

Where does sulfasalazine work?

Answer 26

Colon

Question 27

What is sulfasalazine used to treat in the dog?

Answer 27

IBD colitis

Question 28

Lactulose reduces ___ and is used in ___ patients.

Answer 28

Lactulose reduces NH3 and is used in LIVER patients.

Question 29

Metronidazole decreases what type of bacteria?

Answer 29

Urease-producing bacteria

Question 30

What is SAMe (S-Adenosyl-Methionine)?

Answer 30

Anti-inflammatory nutraceutical

Question 31

What is the common name for SAMe?

Answer 31

Denosyl SD4

Question 32

How does SAMe work?

Answer 32

Scavenges reactive O2 species that are toxic to hepatocytes

Question 33

What are the components of Demamarin?

Answer 33

1. Milk thistle | 2. SAMe

Question 34

How does Denamarin work?

Answer 34

Scavenges free radicals

Question 35

True or False: with IBD, novel, highly digestible proteins are contraindicated.

Answer 35

FALSE - novel, highly digestible proteins are best.

Question 36

With IBD, ___ fatty acids help decrease intestinal inflammation.

Answer 36

n-3 fatty acids

Question 37

____ promotes epithelial integrity.

Answer 37

Glutamate

Question 38

____ promotes dietary sensitivity.

Answer 38

Gluten

Question 39

____ contributes to osmotic diarrhea.

Answer 39

Lactose