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GI Drugs Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

Cimetidine

A

Histamine-2 blockers

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2
Q

Ranitidine

A

Histamine-2 blockers

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3
Q

Famotidine

A

Histamine-2 blockers

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4
Q

Nizatidine

A

Histamine-2 blockers

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5
Q

Histamine-2 blockers ADR

A

Cimetidine- p450 inhibitor & anti-androgenic

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6
Q

Histamine-2 blockers mechanism

A

“Reversible block of histamine H2-receptors”

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7
Q

Omeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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8
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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9
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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10
Q

Pantoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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11
Q

Dexlansoprazole

A

Proton pump inhibitors

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12
Q

Proton pump inhibitors ADR

A

Inc risk of C. Diff & pneumonia (reduced antimicrobial environment in gut)
Long term may cause B12 deficiency
Impacts absorption of other drugs (increases dig, voriconazole)
Reduced Mg and Ca levels (increased risk of fracture)

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13
Q

Proton pump inhibitors mechanism

A

Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

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14
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Antacid

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15
Q

Calcium Carbonate

A

Antacid

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16
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide

A

Antacid

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17
Q

Aluminum hydroxide ADR

A

Constipation

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18
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide ADR

A

Diarrhea

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19
Q

Calcium Carbonate ADR

A

Hypercalcemia (milk-alkali syndrome)
CO2 generation (bloating/flatulance)
Constipation

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20
Q

Bismuth

A

Mucous protector - binds to site of ulcer

Some activity against H. Pylori

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21
Q

Sucralfate

A

Mucous protector - binds to site of ulcer

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22
Q

Mucous protector ADR

A

Ineffective in alkaline environments (not given with PPI)

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23
Q

Misoprostol

A

PGE-1 analog, incr. production of mucous barrier

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24
Q

Misoprostol ADR

A

Diarrhea

Abortifactant

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25
Octreotide
Somatistatin analog, ultimately vasoconstrictive (anti-vasodilatory)
26
Octreotide ADR
Nausea, cramps, steatorrhea Inc. risk of cholelithiasis (2/2 CCK inhibition)
27
Sulfasalazine
Sulfapyridine + 5-ASA
28
Sulfasalazine ADR
Malaise, nausea, sulfa toxicity, oligospermia
29
Loperamide
Opiod agonist, slows gut motility
30
Loperamide ADR
Constipation, nausea
31
Ondansetron
Seratonin Antagonist
32
Ondansetron ADR
Headache, constipation, QT elongation, serotonin syndrom
33
Metoclopramide
Dopamine Antagonist Increase tone of esophaguses Does not change colon transport time
34
Metoclopramide ADR
Parkinsonianism Restlessness Contraindicated in patients with bowel obstruction or parkinson
35
Orlistat
Inhibits gastric/pancreatic lipase
36
Orlistat ADR
abd pain, flatus, urgancy | Reduced vit ADEK
37
Psyllium
Bulk forming laxative
38
Methylcellulose
Bulk forming laxative
39
Mag Hydroxide
Osmotic laxative
40
Mag Cytrate
Osmotic laxative
41
PEG
Osmotic laxative
42
Lactulose
Osmotic laxative | Also used for encephalopathy (increases lactic acid, which increases NH4+ excretion)
43
Senna
Stimulant of enteric nerve
44
Docusate
Emollient (incorporation of H20 into stool)
45
Bulk Laxative ADR
Bloating
46
Bulk laxative mechanism
Inc fiber draws H20 into lumen
47
Osmotic laxative ADR
Diarrhea, dehydration
48
Osmotic laxative mechanism
Provide load to draw H20 into lumen
49
Enteric Stimulant ADR
Diarrhea, melanosis coli
50
Emollient ADR
Diarrhea
51
Enteric stimulant mechanism
Increases colonic contractions
52
Emollient mechanism
promotes incorporation of H20 in to stool
53
PPI pregnancy
No adequate studies
54
PPI PK
Onset 1 hr; duration <3 days
55
H2RB PK
Onset 1 hr; duration 13 hours
56
H2RB Pregnancy
No adequate studies
57
Baclofen
GABA-B Agonist
58
Baclofen MOA
suppresses transient LES relaxation - use in patients failing antacid tx
59
Baclofen- ADR
MM relaxation, sedation
60
Triple Therapy
PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin
61
Quad therapy
PPI + Bismuth + metronidazole + tetracylcine
62
Pregnancy NV
Dietary changes B6 +/- Doxylamine Promethazine Ondansetron
63
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Ondansetron
64
Postop NV
``` Prophylactic antiemetics 1-2+ depending risk: Benzos prior to surgery Scopolamine patch NKI antagonists Ondansetron post-op Dexamethasone ```
65
Refractory post op
Rescue therapy: | Phenothiazine, metoclopramide, or droperidol
66
Post op emesis risk factors
``` <50 years old Female Non-smoker Hx of PONV Hx of Motion Sickness General Anesthesia NO2 ```
67
Acute (<24 hours of tx) Chemo induced NV
``` Seratonin antagonists (-setron)* NK1 Antagonists* Olanzapine Dexamethasone* Use * in combination for moderate or highly emetogenic ```
68
Delayed (>24 hours of tx) Chemo-induced NV
Use adequate prophylaxis
69
Anticipatory chemo-induced NV
Add benzodiaszepine AFTER trying nonpharm tx
70
Breakthrough chemo-induced NV
Different class
71
Refractory chemo-induced NV
Add prophylaxis + breakthrough
72
Serotonin Antagonists
Inhibit vagal signals (periphery) and chemo trigger centrally
73
Serotonin Antagonists ADR
HA, dizziness, constipation, prolonged QT
74
Aprepitant
NK1 Receptor antagonists
75
Fosaprepitant
NK1 Receptor antagonists
76
Rolapitant
NK1 Receptor antagonists
77
NK1 Receptor antagonists
Centrally acting antiemetic
78
NK1 Receptor antagonists ADR
Fatigue, dizziness, diarrhea; CYP inhibitors (grapefruit) increase risk of toxicity
79
Antihistamines
Block H1 receptor centrally (Both vestibular and vomiting center)
80
Diphenhydramine
Antihistamines
81
Dimenhydrinate
Antihistamines
82
Meclizine
Antihistamines
83
Scopalamine
Antimuscarinic
84
Antimuscarinic
Block M1 receptor centrally (Both vestibular and vomiting center)
85
Antimuscarinic ADR
Dizziness, dry mouth, mydriasis (anti-SLUD)
86
Antihistamine ADR
Dizziness, dry mouth, sedation
87
Prochlorperazine
Phenothiazine
88
Promethazine
Phenothiazine
89
Thiethylperazine
Phenothiazine
90
Droperidol
Butyrophenone
91
Haloperidol
Butyrophenone
92
Metoclopramide
Substituted benzamide
93
Trimethobenzamide
Substituted benzamide
94
Phenothiazine MOA
Compete for dopamine, muscarine, and histamine
95
Phenothiazine ADR
Sedation, dermatitis, dry mouth, dizziness
96
Butyrophenone MOA
Competes for dopamine binding
97
Butyrophenone ADR
Sedation, constipation
98
Substituted benzamide MOA
Dopamine receptor antagonist
99
Substituted benzamide ADR
HA, Somnolescence | Metoclopramide: CAN cause Parkinsonism
100
Dexamethasone
Corticosteroid
101
Corticosteroid ADR
Hypertension, abnormal vision
102
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine
103
Diazepam
Benzodiazepine
104
Benzodiazepine MOA
GABA-A Agonist - increases inhibitory signals
105
Benzodiazepine ADR
Dizziness, sedation

GI Self (2 decks)

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