GI - Dry Lab

Question 1

3 openings of the diaphragm

Answer 1

COA

Caval (vena cava)

oesophagus

aortic

Question 2

vertebral levels of the 3 openings of the diaphragm

Answer 2

c - T8

o - T10

a - T12

Question 3

what layer of the peritoneum is more sensitive to pressure, pain and heat?

Answer 3

parietal

Question 4

how do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?

Answer 4

through the omental foramen

Question 5

retroperitoneal structures are only covered in peritoneum on their ……. side

Answer 5

anterior

Question 6

at what vertebral level does the abdominal aorta divide into 2 common iliac arteries

Answer 6

L4

Question 7

what is the effect of a vagotomy on gastric secretion?

Answer 7

reduces gastric secretion

Question 8

vertebral level of the kidneys

Answer 8

T12-L3

Question 9

muscle that runs in a vertical orientation and in an anterior position in the abdomen

Answer 9

pyramidalis

Question 10

how does the rectus sheath differ above and below the umbilicus?

above

Answer 10

single layer of connective tissue

Question 11

how does the rectus sheath differ above and below the umbilicus?

below

Answer 11

2 layers of fatty and membranous

Question 12

what vertebral level is umbilicus?

Answer 12

L3/4

dermatome T10

Question 13

the inguinal canal is formed from layers of the ……….

as these layers form they push through the wall obliquely, forming a canal

Answer 13

anterior abdominal wall

Question 14

the inguinal ligament is attached to which two bony points of the hip bone

Answer 14

pubic tubercle

anterior iliac spine of the ilium

Question 15

where does the superficial ring lie in relation to the pubic tubercle?

Answer 15

above it

Question 16

contents of the inguinal canal in men

Answer 16

spermatic cord

ilioinguinal nerve

genitofemoral nerve

(epigastric vessels?)

Question 17

two openings of the inguinal canal

Answer 17

superficial inguinal ring

deep inguinal ring

Question 18

direct inguinal hernia

1/3rd of inguinal hernias

Answer 18

push through a weak part of the muscles in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal

(do not push through a ring)

Question 19

indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 19

due to congenital weakness of the deep inguinal canal

Question 20

4 layers of the lining of the gut tube

Answer 20

mucosa

submucosa

muscularis propria

serosa (or adventitia)

Question 21

3 layers that make up the mucosa of the gut tube

Answer 21

epithelium

lamina propria

muscularis mucosae

Question 22

3 constrictions of the oesophagus

Answer 22

cervical

thoracic

diaphragmatic

Question 23

what are the 4 structures that go through the oesophageal opening in the diaphragm?

Answer 23

vagus nerve

oesophagus

oesophageal arteries

left inferior phrenic nerves

Question 24

what nerves innervates the pyloric sphincter?

Answer 24

vagus

Question 25

the pyloric sphincter is formed from which layer of the gut tube

Answer 25

muscularis externa

Question 26

what nerve controls gastric motility?

Answer 26

vagus

Question 27

3 arteries of the celiac trunk

Answer 27

left gastric common hepatic splenic

Question 28

increased vagal stimulation does what to the pylorus and therefore gastric secretion?

Answer 28

increases opening (relaxes pyloric sphincter) increases gastric secretion

Question 29

duodenum receives the openings of what 2 ducts?

Answer 29

pancreatic bile

Question 30

where is the foregut/midgut boundary in the small intestine?

Answer 30

2nd part of the duodenum

Question 31

what part of the autonomic NS (para or sympathetic) stimulations reduced the secretion and motility of the intestine and also acts as a vasoconstrictor?

Answer 31

sympathetic

Question 32

what part of the appendix is variable?

Answer 32

the tail

Question 33

arterial supply of the 1st part of the duodenum

Answer 33

branches of the celiac trunk

Question 34

arterial supply of the 2nd part of the duodenum (below the opening of the bile duct)

Answer 34

superior mesenteric artery

Question 35

arterial supply of the jejenum

Answer 35

superior mesenteric artery

Question 36

arterial supply of the ileum

Answer 36

superior mesenteric artery

Question 37

arterial supply of the cecum and ascending colon

Answer 37

superior mesenteric artery

Question 38

arterial supply of the right 2/3rds of the transverse colon

Answer 38

superior mesenteric artery

Question 39

arterial supply of the left 1/3rd of the transverse and decsending colon

Answer 39

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 40

arterial supply of the sigmoid colon

Answer 40

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 41

where does the peritoneum join at the liver?

Answer 41

falciform ligament

Question 42

what structure in the free edge of the falciform ligament is a remnant of an embryonic blood vessel?

Answer 42

left umbilical vein

Question 43

what type of muscle forms the muscularis externa?

Answer 43

smooth muscle

Question 44

what type of muscle is muscularis muscosae

Answer 44

smooth

Question 45

what kinds of cells are found in the gastric pits in the stomach?

Answer 45

mucous secreting cells