GI Elimination - Exam 6

Question 1

Excretion of waste products from kidneys and intestines

Answer 1

Elimination

Question 2

Process of elimination of waste

Answer 2

Defecation

Question 3

Semisolid mass of fiber, undigested food, inorganic matter

Answer 3

Feces

Question 4

Inability to control urine or feces

Answer 4

Incontinence

Question 5

To urinate

Answer 5

Void

Question 6

To urinate

Answer 6

Micturate

Question 7

Painful or difficult urination

Answer 7

Dysuria

Question 8

Blood in the urine

Answer 8

Hematuria

Question 9

Frequent night urination

Answer 9

Nocturia

Question 10

Large amounts of urine

Answer 10

Polyuria

Question 11

Voiding at frequent intervals

Answer 11

Urinary frequency

Question 12

The need to void at once

Answer 12

Urinary urgency

Question 13

Presence of large protein in urine

Answer 13

Proteniuria

Question 14

Difficulty initiating urine

Answer 14

Hesitancy

Question 15

Leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination

Answer 15

Dribbling

Question 16

Accumulation of urine in bladder without the ability to completely empty

Answer 16

Retention

Question 17

Urine remaining post void >100ml

Answer 17

Residual

Question 18

Bowel elimination process

Answer 18

• fecal material reaches rectum
• stretch receptors initiate contraction of sigmoid colon/rectal muscles
• internal anal sphincter relaxes
• sensory impulse cause voluntary “bearing down”
• external sphincter relaxes

~ valsalva maneuver

Question 19

Developmental stage

Answer 19

Bowel elimination patterns change throughout the life span

Question 20

Factors affecting bowel elimination- personal factors

Answer 20

-privacy is important to most people, as sufficient time
- fast paced jobs may cause a person to ignore the need to defecate

Question 21

Sociocultural factors

Answer 21

• stress has major influence
• can cause diarrhea or constipation
• stress is primary risk factor in development of irritable bowel syndrome

Question 22

Nutrition/hydration

Answer 22

• regular intake of food promotes peristalsis
• regular intake schedule
• irregular scheduled = irregularity
• high fiber
• fluid intake

Question 23

Activity

Answer 23

• can stimulate peristalsis
• sedentary people have weaker abdominal muscles
• patients with limited activity often experience constipation

Question 24

Medications

Answer 24

• all oral medications have the potential to affect function of the GI tract

Question 25

Surgery and procedures

Answer 25

- bowel manipulation can lead to a paralytic ileus - NG tube on low or intermittent suction

Question 26

Pregnancy

Answer 26

- morning sickness - slowing of intensional motility - risk of hemorrhoids

Question 27

Pathological conditions

Answer 27

- neurological disorders that affect innervation of lower GI tract - cognitive conditions that limit the ability to sense “the urge” - pain or immobility that leads to sluggish peristalsis

Question 28

Planning outcomes/ evaluation

Answer 28

- the general overall is for the patient to have soft, formed, regular bowel movements - and to be free nausea, vomiting, bloating

Question 29

Promoting regular defecation

Answer 29

- privacy - correct position (seated upright) - timing > often occurs after meals > some patients may need assistance

Question 30

Fluid intake

Answer 30

At least 6-8 oz glasses

Question 31

Proper diet

Answer 31

Fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fiber

Question 32

Exercise

Answer 32

3-5 times a week ROM for patients on bed rest Positioning Encourage exercise

Question 33

Flexi- seal rectal tube

Answer 33

- inserted into the rectum - connected to collection bag - for use with severe incontinence

Question 34

Bristol stool chart - 1

Answer 34

Severe constipation - separate head lumps

Question 35

Bristol stool chart -2

Answer 35

Mild constipation - lumpy and sausage like

Question 36

Bristol stool chart -3

Answer 36

Ideal - sausage shape with cracks

Question 37

Bristol stool chart -4

Answer 37

Ideal- smooth, soft sausage

Question 38

Bristol stool chart - lacking fiber

Answer 38

5 lacking fiber- Soft blobs with clear edges

Question 39

Bristol stool chart -6

Answer 39

Mild diarrhea - mushy consistency

Question 40

Bristol stool chart -7

Answer 40

Severe diarrhea- liquid consistency

Question 41

Fluid balance - what 2 hormones

Answer 41

- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) - aldosterone produced by adrenal gland

Question 42

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced by

Answer 42

Pituitary gland

Question 43

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- if ADH is high causes more

Answer 43

Water to be absorbed creating a high concentration but small volume of urine

Question 44

Aldosterone produced by the adrenal gland regulates

Answer 44

Water reabsorption and changes urine concentration

Question 45

What helps control secretion of potassium

Answer 45

Alsosterone

Question 46

The kidneys produced approximately x-xmL per hour or 1500mL per day

Answer 46

50-60mL

Question 47

Normal voiding is typically x to x times per day, this depends on fluid intake

Answer 47

5-6

Question 48

Characteristics of normal urine - specific gravity

Answer 48

Measure of dissolved solutes in a solution

Question 49

Sh