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oxygenation exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is poor oxygenation?

A

a decreased oxygen level in the blood

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2
Q

oxygen saturation can be used to assess

A

oxygen level

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3
Q

SpO2 is measured …

A

measure of how saturated hemoglobin are with oxygen

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4
Q

how is SpO2 measured?

A

pulse oximetry

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5
Q

often see orders to “keep O2 sats above ?

A

92%

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6
Q

signs & symptoms of poor oxygenation?

A

restlessness/confusion- lack of 02 to brain
decreased BP
cool extremities
pallor or cyanosis of extremities
slow capillary refill

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7
Q

ischemia

A

when oxygen delivery is inadequate to meet metabolic demands of the body - cell death
-starving for oxygen

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8
Q

hypoxia

A

-low oxygen in your tissues
when your blood doesn’t carry enough oxygen to the tissues to meet the bodys needs

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9
Q

oxygen saturation

A

used to asses O2 level

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10
Q

SpO2 - SaO2

A

measure of how saturated hemoglobin are

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11
Q

what is the first sign or symptom of poor oxygenation ?

A

restlessness that could lead to confusion

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12
Q

pollar

A

pale extremities

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13
Q

capillary refill

A

push on your fingernail bed and it will turn white and then it will pink back up
- less then 3 seconds !!!

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14
Q

when a person is getting good oxygen flow

A

skin and muscous membranes should be a good robust color

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15
Q

lung disease

A

the lungs have a large surface area that is constantly exposed to the external environment

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16
Q

lung disease is greatly influenced by?

A

environment
occupational
personal
social habits

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17
Q

trachea

A

windpipe

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18
Q

alveoli

A

air sacs

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19
Q

cilia

A

hair like projections that move particles around. they line out mucous membranes

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20
Q

pulmonary diseases are classified as

A

often classified as acute or chronic, obstructive or restrictive, infections or noninfectious and is caused by alteration in the lungs or heart

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21
Q

acute

A

short time
ex: bronchitis

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22
Q

chronic

A

long lasting
ex: asthma

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23
Q

obstructive disease

A

Ex: COPD

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24
Q

restrictive disease examples

A

pulmonary fibrosis
sarcoidosis

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25
infectious disease
most common of the lung-pneumonia
26
pneumonia
fluid in the lungs
27
noninfectious examples
athmas, COPD
28
cough
acute or chronic
29
dyspnea
SOB, feeling inability to get a good breath
30
chest pain
not getting good blood flow to heart
31
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
32
altered breathing patterns
tachypnea bradypnea use of accessory muscles
33
tachypnea
fast RR
34
bradypnea
slow RR
35
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of skin and mucous membrane
36
clinical manifestations of respiratory alterations What signs come with respiratory alterations?
cough dyspnea chest pain abnormal sputum hemoptysis altered breathing patterns cyanosis fever
37
orthopnea
dyspnea (SOB) with laying down -pts can breath better when propped up slightly
38
clubbing
often occurs when in heart and lung disease that reduce the amount of 02 in the blood - distorted angle of nail bed - poor o2, poor blood flow assess: put two fingernails together and there should not be a space in between
39
hypoxemia
low level of oxygen in the blood
40
whats the sign and symptom of hypoxia in the brain?
restlessness
40
what is a sign and symptom of hypoxia in the heart
chest pain
40
what is a sign and symptom of hypoxia in our skin
pollar
40
signs and symptoms for the GI tract
nausea, gas, cramping
40
RAT BED
restlessness anxiety tachycardia/tachypnea bradycarida extreme restlessness dyspnea
40
ventilation
process of gas exchange breathing in and breathing out
41
hypoventilation
breathing too shallow or too slow to meet the bodys need for o2
42
one difference between bradypnea and hypoventilation
the actual gas exchange and the movement of the chest wall
43
hyperventilation
breathing that is too rapid or too deep. breathing exceeds the bodys metabolic demands
44
what would cause hypoventilation?
sleep, sedatives,
45
respiratory depressions
decreased respiratory depression, not breathing adequately
46
what could cause hyperventilation
anxiety, exercise, metabolic acidosis, pain
47
atelectasis
collapsed air sacs (alveoli)
48
prevention of atelectasis
early ambulation, turn cough, deep breathe, incentive spirometry
49
respiratory too shallow
building up of Co2
50
when a person hyperventilates (breathing too slow) they develop increase co2 in the body
hypercapnia
51
aspiration
passage of gastric contents (fluid or solid) into the lungs
52
when a person hyperventilates what happens to the Co2
they lose too much Co2 hypocapnia
53
aspiration can cause what?
aspiration pneumonia
54
prevention of aspiration
assess pts ability to swallow keep head of bed elevated with tube feedings thorough lung assessment
55
assessment of respiratory system
- RR - Use of accessory muscles - cyanosis - oxygen saturation adventitious breath sounds -clubbing -dyspnea with activity
56
diagnostic tests
-chest xray - arterial blood gas - sputum culture sensitivity -ct scans - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - bronchoscopy - thoracentesis
57
promotion of lung expansion
- position changes frequently - every 2 hrs - keep upright - increase daily activities - ensure hydration - coughing breathing -deep breathing
58
Albuterol (proair) MDI
bronchodilator - rescue inhaler for acute difficulty breathing -beta 2 agonist (short-acting) SABAs - stimulates beta 2 adrenergic receptors, relaxing airway smooth muscle - 2 puffs every 4-6hyrs PRN - may take 2 puffs 5-30mins before exercise
59
assessment of respiratory system
- RR - Use of accessory muscles - cyanosis - oxygen saturation - adventitious breath sounds -clubbing -dyspnea with activity
60
Symbicort inhaler
- Corticosteriod/Branchodilator - beta 2 agonist (long acting) LABA - two puffs bid - treatment for asthma attacks and exercise induced bronchospasm and COPD ** make sure to rinse mouth after inhalation**
61
common reactions with Symbicort inhaler?
tachycardia, nervousness, palpitations, oral candidiasis
62
fine crackles (rales)
- higher pitched - brief, discontinuous, popping sounds -usually fluid in the lungs
63
coarse crackles (rales)
-more fluid in the lungs - lower pitched, longer duration compared to fine - bubbling sound
64
wheezing
continuous, musical sounds, more common on inspiration, higher up in the lungs
65
rhonchi
a low pitched wheeze can be heard over trachea distant pause between inspiration and expiration
66
bronchial
hollow
67
respiratory assessment
vital signs, oxygen saturation, level of consciousness, any s/s of hypoxia, skin
68
assessing pts on oxygen therapy
equipment correct oxygen delivery device flow rate is correct respiratory assessment
69
FI02 is percent of oxygen a person is
inhaling breathing at any given time
70
room air FI02 is
21%
71
with supplemental oxygen, FI02 can reach
100%
72
Nasal Cannula
oxygen delivery - up to 6L/min FI02 24-44%
73
advantages to nasal cannula
safe and simple, easily tolerated increased mobility
74
disadvantages to nasal cannula
dries membranes skin breakdown
75
non-rebreather mask
delivers high concentration of oxygen treats hypoxia decreases workload of breathing 10-15L/min
76
face mask with reservoir bag
has one way valves that open during expiration and close during inhalation to prevent decrease in FI02 or build up of CO2
77
advantages of a venturi mask
controls exact concentration of oxygen delivers FI02 of 24-60% flow rates from 4-12L//min
78
disadvantages of venturi mask
hot and confining interferes with eating and talking -commonly used in pts with COPD
79
venturi mask
needs an exact o2
80
factors that alter accuracy of pulse ox- Physical
motion/incorrect placement BP monitoring device bright lights,polish,acrylics
81
factors that alter accuracy of pulse ox - physiological
poor arterial flow or edema cold hands; poor capillary filling anemia
82
Incentive spirometry (IS)
helps prevent postop pulmonary complications (atelectasis) provides voluntary deep breathing gives visual feedback -watch volume, sustained breath -sucking in - forces air sacs open - take 10 breaths every 2 hours
83
oxygen toxicity
can develop when a person breaths 100% oxygen for >12 hrs
84
oxygen toxicity on CNS and pulmonary systems
pallor, sweating, nausea, vomiting seizures, vertigo, muscle + twitching hallucinations, visual changes, anxiety chest pain, dyspnea

IM 1 (34 decks)

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