GI Embryology I

Question 1

What is the proctodeum?

Answer 1

The anal pit. It will become the urogenital/anal membrane

Question 2

What is the embryological origin of all lining and related glands of the digestive system?

Answer 2

Endoderm

Question 3

What embryological tissue are the stomodeum and proctodeum lined by?

Answer 3

Ectoderm

Question 4

What embryological tissue is the skeletal muscle of the pharynx and upper esophagus derived from?

Answer 4

Mesoderm

Question 5

What embryological tissue gives rise to the smooth muscle and connective tissue of the GI tract?

Answer 5

Splanchnic mesoderm

Question 6

What embryological tissue gives rise to the nervous component of the GI tract?

Answer 6

Neural crest cells

Question 7

If the esophagus fails to lengthen, what congenital condition may result?

Answer 7

Congenital hiatal hernia

Question 8

What nerve supplies neurons to the foregut and midgut?

Answer 8

Vagus nerve

Question 9

What nerves supplies the hindgut?

Answer 9

Pelvic splanchnics

Question 10

What structure gives rise to the ventral mesentery?

Answer 10

Transverse septum

Question 11

What does the ventral mesentery structure connecting the duodenum/stomach with the liver become?

Answer 11

lesser omentum

Question 12

What developmental structure passes through the free border of the falciform ligament?

Answer 12

Umbilical vein

Question 13

What is the space behind the stomach called?

Answer 13

Omental bursa

Question 14

Which vagus nerve sits on the anterior side of the stomach?

Answer 14

Left vagus

Question 15

What embryological structure becomes the greater momentum?

Answer 15

Dorsal mesentery (mesogastrium)

Question 16

What two structures fuse to form the gastrocolic ligament?

Answer 16

Dorsal mesogastrium and transverse mesocolon

Question 17

What does the gastrocolic ligament span?

Answer 17

Stomach and the transverse colon

Question 18

What does the spleen develop in?

Answer 18

Dorsal mesentery

Question 19

What is the role of the spleen during development of fetal life?

Answer 19

Hematopoiesis

Question 20

What layer is hypertrophied in pyloric stenosis?

Answer 20

Circular layer of stomach smooth muscle

Question 21

What developmental problem results in intestinal atresia/stenosis?

Answer 21

Failure of recanalization of intestine (usually duodenum)

Question 22

What is the embryological tissue that gives origin to the liver?

Answer 22

Endoderm

Question 23

What structure off of the foregut becomes the liver?

Answer 23

Hepatic diverticulum/liver bud

Question 24

What does the stem of the hepatic diverticulum become?

Answer 24

Bile duct

Question 25

What other two structures develop from the hepatic diverticulum (other than liver)

Answer 25

Gallbladder

Ventral pancreas

Question 26

What does the transverse septum become?

Answer 26

Fibrous capsule and connective tissue of liver

Question 27

What is the important embryological role of the liver during development?

Answer 27

Hematopoiesis (before spleen)

Question 28

What happens when bile ducts fail to canalize? What do patients look like?

Answer 28

Extrahepatic biliary atresia

Jaundiced