GI/hepatobiliary articles Flashcards
A novel balloon technique to induce intra-abdominal hypertension and its effects on cardiovascular parameters in a conscious dog model
Min Jang et al jvecc 2018
Peritoneal catheter to increase IAP: Foley urethral catheter + latex balloon placed in abdominal cavity
IAP measured via foley u-cath (intravesicular pressure)
Acute increase in IAP caused discomfort, V and incr RE.
Medical management of esophageal perforation secondary to esophageal foreign bodies in 5 dogs
Helsa Teh et al jvecc 2018
Full thickness defect in 4/5 dogs
Tx: IVF, IV ABX, pain meds, PPI
2 dogs had percutaneous G tube
complication after EFB removal: pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum
Computed tomographic features of intra-abdominal hypertension in three dogs.
Min Jang et al jvecc 2019
Compression of CdVc, direct renal compression, and the extension of peritoneal fluid into the vaginal canal and vaginal cavity are consistent with a diagnosis of IAH
Multicenter investigation of hemostatic dysfunction in 15 dogs with acute pancreatitis.
Lindsey Nielsen et al jvecc 2019
All dogs hypercoagulable (higher MA, shorter R + K, greater alpha angle, higher G)
Higher D-dimer, fibrinogen, and vWF Ag activity; lower AT and PT
Retrospective evaluation of factors associated with degree of esophagitis, treatment, and outcomes in dogs presenting with esophageal foreign bodies (2004-2014): 114 cases.
Abigail B Bongard et al jvecc 2019
Success rate 95% complication rate 22%
Dogs w/ EFB >24h more likely to have severe esophagitis and major complications
Fishhooks more likely to require surgical intervention
Successful management of acute bilirubin encephalopathy in a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia using therapeutic plasma exchange.
Geoff G Heffner et al jvecc 2019
Tbil 4.6 –> 91.4 mg/L –> developed kernicterus (lateral, vertical nystagmus, extensor rigidity, stuporous)
TPE SID q24h x 3 days
-Decreased tbil, IgG and IgM
Gradual neuro improvements and decreased pRBC requirement
Survived
Prevalence and impact of cholecystitis on outcome in dogs with gallbladder mucocele
Erin Rogers et al jvecc 2020
30% had cholecystitis –> acute on chronic and with necrosis
14% had bacteria but 89% had ABX pre-op
No association b/w cholecystitis or subtypes OR bacterial culture w/ survival
17% mortality
cholecystitis is commonly found in GBM dogs but not associated w/ survival
The pattern of mortality in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus
Sharp et al jvecc 2020
- 1% survived to discharge, 35.9% nonsurvivors
- 31% of non survivors euthanized (most before tx) and 6% died
83.5% survival if excluded euthanized dogs
Median group age higher in euthanized group
Successful management of clinical signs associated with hepatic encephalopathy with manual therapeutic plasma exchange in a dog
Culler jvecc 2020
TPE performed for hyperammonemia (235) prior to sx ligation –> TPE, 1 plasma volume –> 50% reduction in NH3 –> sig. improved Cx and remained stable –> 5d later had shunt ligation and did well –> 10d post-d/c 63
The benefit of manual plasmapheresis: avoid unnecessary pRBC transfusion (just do autotransfusion), performed via central line, no special equipment aside from centrifuge and access to donor FFP, less risk of anticoagulant causing bleeding
Colonic torsion in 4 Great Danes
Peter S. Czajkowski DVM,Katy J. Fryer DVM, DACVS jvecc 2020
Colonic torsion confirmed by pneumocolon or barium enema
All had previous gastropexy
2/4 recurre
Likely association b/w colonic torsion and altered GI motility
Risk factors and prognostic indicators for surgical outcome of dogs with esophageal foreign body obstructions
Brigitte A. Brisson javma 2018
Terrier breeds most common
Older age, longer duration of entrapement, perforation associated w/ poor px
Duration of entrapment, BW, anorexia, rectal temp, perforation associated w/ sx
84% success rate
Overall mortality 5%
Outcome of elective cholecystectomy for the treatment of gallbladder disease in dogs
Gabina Youn javma 2018
Elective sx has lower mortality (2% vs 20%)
Nonsurvivors had lower albumin and higher ALT and Tbil.
Vomiting, lethargy/anorexia, icterus or azotemia = less likely to survive than those w/o these signs
Investigation of potential risk factors for mesenteric volvulus in military working dogs
Shane J. Andrews javma 2018
German Shepherd Dog breed and history of gastrointestinal disease were risk factors
MWDs with a history of prophylactic gastropexy or other abdominal surgery were more likely to acquire MV than were those without
Incidence of chyloabdomen diagnosis in dogs and cats and corresponding clinical signs, clinicopathologic test results, and outcomes: 53 cases (1984–2014)
Alex Hatch DVM, javma 2018
Cause: Malignant neoplasia most common
MST 31 days w/ neoplasia, 73 days w/o neoplasia
Confirmed ratio of abdominal fluid triglyceride concentration to serum or plasma triglyceride concentration > 1:1 = better diagnostic criteria
Likelihood and outcome of esophageal perforation secondary to esophageal foreign body in dogs
Allyson A. Sterman, javma 2018
Esophageal perf is UNCOMMON (12%) – 10 fishhooks and 5 bone
Fishhooks and delay between EFB ingestion and initial evaluation were risk factors for perforation
87% survival with esophageal perf
Comparison of body condition score and other minimally invasive biomarkers between dogs with gastric carcinoma and dogs with chronic gastritis
Tonje Seim-Wikse JAVMA 2019
Older dogs (>8y), thin (BCS<4), high CRP and MCP-1 and abnormally low folate = useful in identifying dogs w/ carcinoma vs gastritis
Gastric carcinoma= most common type of gastric cancer in dogs, 70-90% met @ time of dx, no effective tx, short MST, Cx the same as gastritis
Retrospective evaluation of anemia and erythrocyte morphological anomalies in dogs with lymphoma or inflammatory bowel disease
Cyril Parachini-Winter, JAVMA 2019
Anemia and >3 RBC morphological changes (esp. eccentrocytes) should increase suspicion of LSA compared to IBD
Intestinal incisional dehiscence rate following enterotomy for foreign body removal in 247 dogs
Alena Strelchik JAMVA 2019
Dehiscence occurred in 2% of enterotomy
Longer LOH if dehisced
8 dogs (3%) were septic and none dehisced
Factors associated with dehiscence and mortality rates following gastrointestinal surgery in dogs
Sukhjit S. Gill JAVMA 2019
ASA >3 grade were more likely to develop GI dehiscence
ASA >3 and high lactate were less likely to survive
Evaluation of the effectiveness of preoperative administration of maropitant citrate and metoclopramide hydrochloride in preventing postoperative clinical gastroesophageal reflux in dogs
Ciaran T. Jones JAVMA 2019
3% had intra-op and 14% had post-op GER = not sig. b/w cerenia + reglan vs not
Increased odds for post-op GER if male, overweight BCS, GI surgery, and required dexmed CRI post-op
Evaluation of short-term outcomes and potential risk factors for death and intestinal dehiscence following full-thickness large intestinal incisions in dogs
Christian R. Latimer javma 2019
7 day dehiscence rate 10% and mortality rate 17%
Increased odds of death suggestive of sepsis (pre-op anorexia, hypoglycemia, neutrophils w/ toxic changes, received pre-op ABX)
Increased dehiscence risk: colon trauma/dehiscence, pre-existing peritonitis, blood products, >2 classes of ABX, +ve microbial culture, open abd management
