GI infections

Question 1

Microsporidia
- Biology

Answer 1

Parasites that are
- Obligate
- Intracellular
- Spore-forming (fungi)

Question 2

Microsporidiosis
- Presentation

Answer 2

Chronic diarrhoea in immunocompromised (i.e. HIV)
- Watery diarrhoea
- Weight loss
- Abdominal pain, nausea + vomiting

Question 3

Management of microsporidiosis

Answer 3

In HIV supportive management is definite
- ARVs
- Anti-diarrhoeals
- Oral hydrations

Symptomatic
- Poral Albendazole 400mg BD for 28 days.

Question 4

First line antibiotic for first episode of c.difficile

Answer 4

Vancomycin 125mg QDS
- 10 days

Question 5

Vancomycin treatment for c.difficile is continued for _____ days

Answer 5

10

Question 6

First-line antibiotic therapy for aspiration pneumonia

Answer 6

Amoxicillin (or clarithromycin) + metronidazole

Question 7

_______ is the oral switch for clarithromycin

Answer 7

Doxycycline

Question 8

What is the most common causative agent of bacterial gastroenteritis in the UK?

Answer 8

Campylobacter jejuni

Question 9

Campylobacter jejuni is a gram _____ [shape] and is oxidase _____

Answer 9

Gram negative spiral/helical shape
Oxidase positive

Question 10

How is Campylobacter jejuni transmitted?

Answer 10

Fecal-oral
- Undercooked/ raw poultry
- Unpasteurised milk
- Contaminated water

Direct contact with infected animals

Question 11

Incubation period of Campylobacter jejuni is…

Answer 11

1-11 days

Question 12

List some complications of campylobacter gastroenteritis

Answer 12

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Guillain barre syndrome

Reactive arthritis

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Question 13

What is the first line antibiotic for severe campylobacter gastroenteritis

Answer 13

erythromycin

Question 14

_______ is the causative bacteria of cholera

Answer 14

Vibrio cholerae

Question 15

Vibrio cholerae is a gram _____ [shape] and is oxidase _____

Answer 15

Gram negative, comma shaped rod
Oxidase positive

Question 16

How is cholera transmitted

Answer 16

Faecal-oral
- Contaminated water
- Raw/ undercooked fish

Question 17

Incubation period of cholera is…

Answer 17

2-5 days

Question 18

What antibiotic is indicated in severe cholera

Answer 18

Tetracycline

Ciprofloxacin

Question 19

_______ produces shiga toxin known to cause ______

Answer 19

Shigella dysenteriae/ E.coli O157
Causes haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Question 20

List bacteria that can cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Answer 20

Campylobacter jejuni

Shigella dysenteriae

E.coli O157

Salmonella

Question 21

Shillegar grows as a _______ on ______agar

Answer 21

Non-lactose fermenting
Non hydrogen sulphide producing

MacConkey agar

Question 22

Shigella incubation period

Answer 22

1-3 days

Question 23

Shigella is trasmitted via…

Answer 23

Faecal-oral
- Flies carrying faecal matter
- Poor hand hygiene

Question 24

For shigella:
- Oxidase
- Urase
- Lactose fermenting

Answer 24

Oxidase negative
Urase negative
Non-lactose fermenting

Question 25

For E.coli O157:
- Catalase
- Lactose fermenting
- Agar

Answer 25

Catalase positive
Lactose fermenting

Eosin methylene blue
- Grows as black colonies with green/black metallic sheen

Question 26

Thyphoid fever is caused by…

Answer 26

Salmonella thyphi

Question 27

What salmonella subtypes is cause the most disease

Answer 27

S. enteritidis

S.thyphimurium

Question 28

Salmonella is transmitted via…

Answer 28

Faecal oral
- Contaminated food/ water

Question 29

C. difficile is a gram ______, [aerobic/anaerobic] bacteria

Answer 29

Gram positive

Anaerobic bacteria