GI infections

Question 1

Is the commensal flora of the gut mostly obligate anerobes or fac. anaerobic bacteria

Answer 1

Yes, bacteriodes 100: 1 e,coli

Question 2

Common gut bacteria flora

Answer 2

Bacteriodes sp.
C. perfringens
E. coli
E. faecalis

Question 3

Bacterial gastroenteritis is caused by what two things

Answer 3

Enterotoxin production and Adherence

Question 4

Is cholera toxin mediated

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Treatment options for vibrio chloreae

Answer 5

Oral vaccine, oral rehydration solution

Question 6

What three nigerian gov states reported in the nigeria epidemic of 2018

Answer 6

Borno, Adamawa, Yobe

Question 7

MOA of cholera toxin

Answer 7

Binding to GM1 gangliosides on intestinal cells, activating adenylate cyclase, and increasing cAMP levels, leading to excessive fluid and electrolyte secretion into the gut lumen

Question 8

What type of toxin is cholera

Answer 8

AB5

Question 9

Salmonella sp. causing GI infections

Answer 9

S. typhi
S. paratyphi
S. enterica: S. enteritidis, S.typhirium

Question 10

What often causes salmonella

Answer 10

Contaminated foodstuffs, poultry

Question 11

Salmonella spp. enter intestinal epithelial cells by what process

Answer 11

Bacterial-mediated endocytosis

Question 12

Salmonella sp. disrupt what between cells

Answer 12

Tight cell junctions

Question 13

What immune cell do Salmonella cells enter

Answer 13

Macrophages

Question 14

What secretion system does Salmonella use to enter the cell

Answer 14

T3SS

Question 15

Typhoid mary (Mary mallon)

Answer 15

A cook in the 19th century who spread salmonella

Question 16

EHEC (E.coli)

Answer 16

Enterohaemorrhagic. Colitis/HUS

Question 17

ETEC

Answer 17

Enterotocigenic E. coli, Traveller’s diarrhoea

Question 18

EAggEC

Answer 18

Enteroggregative e.coli, traveller’s diarrhoea

Question 19

EIEC

Answer 19

Enteroinvasine E. coli, dysentry like

Question 20

EPEC

Answer 20

Enteropathogenic e.coli. childhood diarrhoea

Question 21

E.coli O157 is what type of E. coli

Answer 21

VTEC, Shiga-toxin producing

Question 22

HUS

Answer 22

Haemlytic uraemic syndrome

Question 23

Source of E.coli O157, some patients develope what syndrome _ _ _

Answer 23

Cattle, UHS

Question 24

C. difficle toxins are what type

Answer 24

AB, binary

Question 25

C. difficle toxins cause what symptoms

Answer 25

* Diarrhoea * Toxic megacolon * Pseudomembranous colitis

Question 26

C.diff: overveiw of intracellular modifications by TcdA and TcdB

Answer 26

* Glycosyltransferases * Modify small GTPases * Actin condensation * Transcriptional activation * Apoptosis * Neutophil infiltration * Chemokine production * Disruption of tight junctions * Apoptosis * FLUID ACCUMULATION

Question 27

Campylobacter species

Answer 27

C. jejuni and C. coli

Question 28

Post-infectious complications of Campylobacter infection

Answer 28

reactive arthritis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome

Question 29

Campylobacter causes (not species names)

Answer 29

* raw or undercooked meat (poultry) * unpasteurised milk * untreated water

Question 30

MOA of campylobacter

Answer 30

Motility, 1/2 flagella Low infectious dose Penetration into intestinal mucosa: adhesion, internalisation, translocation Cytolethal distending toxin, arrest cell division in G2

Question 31

C. jejuni method of infection

Answer 31

Apical attatchment, apical invasion, paracellular invasion, transcellular migration via actin. Basolateral invasion, intracellular survival in lysosome

Question 32

Gastroenteritis treatment

Answer 32

Supportive Avoid antibiotics, increase duration of salmonella carriage, worsen E.coli HUS Except for extreme ages, campy, invasion