GI: intestinal, liver & biliary disorders

Question 1

diverticulosis

Answer 1

when small pockets or sacs form and push outward through weak spots of your colon

Question 2

diverticulitis

Answer 2

inflammed diverticuli

Question 3

S/S diverticular disease

Answer 3

LLQ pain
polyuria
fever & elevated WBCs
constipation
N/V

Question 4

treatment for diverticular disease

Answer 4

diet modification
clear liquids
IV fluids
pain meds
antibiotics 
surgery

Question 5

hiatal hernia

Answer 5

protrusion of abdominal structures upward through esophageal hiatus

Question 6

S/S hernia

Answer 6

heartburn like pain
dysphagia
chest pain
dyspnea
hoarseness

Question 7

treatment for hernia

Answer 7

behavior modifications 
eating small/frequent meals
bland food with high fiber content 
acid reducing meds
laparoscopic repair

Question 8

abdominal hernia

Answer 8

protrusion of bowel that is classified by location of protrusion

Question 9

S/S of hernia

Answer 9

abdominal distension 
N/V 
position changes with increased abdominal pressure
pain
paresthesia

Question 10

treatment for hernia

Answer 10

monitor asymptomatic cases
surgical repair for symptomatic
possible temporary colostomy

Question 11

crohn’s disease

Answer 11

IBD

can occur anywhere in the GI - commonly terminal ileum, proximal colon

Question 12

S/S crohns disease

Answer 12

abdominal cramping 
RLQ pain/mass
diarrhea
weight loss
fatigue 
low grade fever

Question 13

causes crohns disease

Answer 13

genetics
immune dysregulation 
infectious agents
psychological issues 
environmental factors

Question 14

treatment for crohns

Answer 14

corticosteroids
antibiotics
immunosuppressants
nutritional support

Question 15

complications for crohns

Answer 15

intestinal obstruction
inflammation of membranes
arthritis
ankylosing spondylitis
gallstones
B12 deficiency
thromboembolism

Question 16

ulcerative colitis

Answer 16

IBD

occurs in the mucosal layer of the rectum and proximal colon

Question 17

causes of ulcerative colitis

Answer 17

not well known but appears to be similar to crohns

Question 18

S/S ulcerative colitis

Answer 18

lower abdominal pain relieved by defecation, bloody stools, diarrhea, incontinence, nocturnal defecation, fatigue, wt loss, dehydration

Question 19

treatment for ulcerative colitis

Answer 19

anti-inflammatory meds
immunosuppressants 
biologics
diet modification
surgery
monitoring for colon cancer

Question 20

complications for ulcerative colitis

Answer 20

similar to crohns

Question 21

morbid obesity

Answer 21

chronic disease by excessive body fat and BMI of 30 or higher
many comorbidities are linked

Question 22

conservative tx for morbid obesity

Answer 22

weight loss - 10% reduction
diet modification 
meds
behavior mgmt 
increased PA

Question 23

surgical tx for morbid obesity

Answer 23

gastric bypass
gastric banding
gastroplasty
gastroectomy

Question 24

when do you see better outcomes with morbid obesity

Answer 24

when pt’s are involved in exercise program

Question 25

encephalopathy is caused by what

Answer 25

may be caused by acute and chronic liver disease (cirrhosis)

Question 26

S/S for encephalopathy

Answer 26

impaired mental status and neuromuscular dysfunction occurs over hours to days
delirium
alter consciousness
ammonia intoxification, changes in cerebral blood flow

Question 27

treatment for encephalopathy

Answer 27

reduce ammonia levels 
correct electrolyte imbalance
antibiotics 
nutritional support 
liver transplant

Question 28

cholecystitis

Answer 28

acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder

Question 29

cholelithiasis

Answer 29

gallstone formation

Question 30

S/S cholecystitis

Answer 30

RUQ pain that may radiate to R shoulder 
abdominal rebound tenderness 
jaundice 
N/V 
fever

Question 31

treatment for cholecystitis

Answer 31

laparoscopic cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal)