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Flashcards in GI investigations Deck (25)
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1
Q

name some bedside investigations

A
> BMI
> Pulse oximetry
> ECG
> Capillary glucose
> Urinalysis
2
Q

what is FOB testing?

A

testing for terraces of blood in the stool, it is not that sensitive and so can give false reassurance

3
Q

name four types of stool analysis

A

> FOB testing
stool culture
faecal calprotectin
faecal elastase

4
Q

what would raised levels of faecal calprotein suggest?

A

that there is an inflammatory condition

5
Q

what is faecal elastase an investigation for?

A

pancreatic insufficiency/malabsorption

6
Q

what does calcium and magnesium levels indicate?

A

malabsorption

7
Q

why might you carry out a thyroid function test?

A

hypothyroidism can slow down bowl motility (and vice versa)

8
Q

what is looked at in a full blood count?

A

> microcytic and macrocytic anaemia
white cell count
platelet count

9
Q

why is coagulation investigated?

A

coagulation factors are made in the liver

10
Q

what is alpha fetoprotein?

A

tumour marker

11
Q

apart from bloods, stool and bedside investigations what other non invasive investigations are carried out?

A

> urine collections: 5HIAA, catecholamines
nutrition screen
laxative screen

12
Q

name some breath tests?

A

> urea breath test (H.pylori)
hydrogen breath test (bacterial overgrowth)
lactose intolerance

13
Q

what does oesophageal ph and manometry assess?

A

> oesophageal dysmotility

> reflux

14
Q

what does upper gi endoscopy allow for?

A

> examination
biopsy
therapeutic intervention
oesophageal/pyloric stenting

15
Q

what are the risks associated with upper gi endoscopy?

A

> aspiration
perforation
haemorrhage

16
Q

what does colonoscopy allow examination of?

A

rectum to caecum/terminal ileum

17
Q

what are the risks of colonoscopy?

A

> perforation
haemorrhage
renal impairment

18
Q

what does a colonoscopy require?

A

> sedation

> bowel preparation

19
Q

what does ERCP stand for?

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography

20
Q

what does an ERCP allow visualisation of?

A

> ampulla
biliary system
pancreatic ducts

21
Q

what does ERCP allow for?

A

> biopsy
stone removal
stenting
dilation

22
Q

what are the risks associated with ERCP?

A
> pancreatitis
> haemorrhage
> perforation
> infection
> mortality
23
Q

what is endoscopic ultrasound used for?

A

diagnosis and staging, as well as cyst drainage and biopsy

24
Q

what does enteroscopy allow?

A

> visualisation of the small intestine
biopsy
therapy of small bowel pathology

25
Q

what are the pros and cons of capsule enteroscopy?

A

it is less invasive but biopsy is not available