GI Motility Flashcards Preview

Physiology 1 Block 2 > GI Motility > Flashcards

Flashcards in GI Motility Deck (14):
1

What are Slow Waves?

1. Basic electrical rhythm

2. Originate in Interstitial cells of Cajal (pacemaker)

  • Abundant in myenteric plexus

3. Frequency of slow waves

  • Stomach: 4mins
  • Duodenum: 12mins
  • Distal Ileum: 8mins
  • Cecum: 2mins
  • Sigmoid: 6mins

2

What are the steps of Peristalsis?

1. Gut lumen stretches by food bolus 

  • Releases Serotonin
    • Activates Myenteric plexus

2. Cholinergic neurons activate P and ACh in ORAL direction

  • Contraction of smooth muscle forms behind bolus

3. Cholinergic neurons in ANAL direction stimulate the secretion of NO, VIP, neuropeptide y, and ATP

  • Causes relaxation of the smooth muscle in front of the bolus

3

What are the steps of Migrating Motor Complex? (MMC)

1. Contraction from distal stomach to distal ileum occurs

2. Clears intestinal lumen for next meal

  • Every 90 minutes

3. Loss of MMC causes bacterial overgrowth

4

What are the Swallowing Centers?

1. Nucleus of TRACTUS SOLITARIUS

2. Nucleus AMBIGUUS 

 

*Both located in medulla

  • Somatosensory receptors carry information via Trigeminal, Glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerve

5

What is Gastro-Esophageal Reflux Disease? (GERD)

1. Lower esophageal sphincter is incompetent 

  • Regurgitation of gastric juices and content go back into esophagus

2. Symptoms

  • Heartburn
  • Sour taste
  • Dysphagia
  • Regurgitation

6

What is Barret's Esophagus?

1. Stratified squamous epithelium replaced by intestinal simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

2. Can cause ADENDOCARCINOMA of lower esophagus 

 

*Upper esophagus results in Squamous cell carcinoma

7

What is Achalasia Cardia?

1. Degeneration of Myenteric plexus (Auerbach)

  • Causing loss of Nitric Oxide 
  • Loss of Peristalsis in distal 2/3

2. Barium swallow ("bird's beak" appearance)

3. Symptoms

  • Dysphagia of solids and liquids
    • Absence of coordinated peristaltic effort down the esophagus 
  • Nocturnal regurgitation of food
  • Can cause Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
  • Increase tone in Lower esophageal sphincter

8

What is Mallory-Weiss Tear?

1. Superficial longitudinal mucosal laceration of lower esophagus

2. Associated with

  • Forceful retching (vomiting)
  • Alcoholism
  • Hiatal hernias

9

What is Boerhaave's syndrome?

1. Spontaneous rupture of distal thoracic esophagus

2. Seen in young people vomiting from alcohol 

3. Serious complication of bulima

 

10

What is the Antral systole?

1. Vigorous peristaltic rhythm 

  • Mix chyme
  • Propel chyme through pylorus into duodenum

11

What is Retropulsion?

1. Mix chyme with digestive enzymes

2. Chyme propelled from antrum of stomach back to body of stomach

12

What is Gastroparesis?

1. Partial paralysis of stomach

  • Inability to empty food 

2. Damage to vagus nerve

  • Disruption in digestive system

3. Symptoms

  • Nausea 
  • Vomiting 
  • Abdominal fullness
  • Gastroesophageal reflux
  • Heartburn

*More difficult to control blood glucose levels in diabetics 

13

What neurotransmitters deal with Vomiting?

1. Serotonin

2. Dopamine

14

What is Gastrocolic Reflex?

1. Food in stomach and chyme in duodenum stimulate mass movement

2. Enteric Nervous System (ENS) activates

3. Propels content toward rectum

4. Defecation 

  • By stimulus of local and parasympathetic reflexes

Decks in Physiology 1 Block 2 Class (4):