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GI (ms2) Flashcards

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1
Q

what medication has a metallic taste and is used to treat pylori infections

A

metronidazole

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2
Q

metronidazole is a

A

antibiotic medication used to treat gastrointestinal infections and skin infections

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3
Q

scopolamine can be used to treat

A

severe nausea postoperatively

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4
Q

three medications prescribed for constipation

A

lactulose
phyllium
docusate sodium

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5
Q

misoprostol is a

A

synthetic prostaglandin medication used in prevention of stomach ulcers caused by NSAIDs

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6
Q

dronabinol is

A

synthetic oral THC used for nausea and appetite stimulation in cancer and HIV patients.

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7
Q

during this diagnostic test the patient swallows a white chalky substance mixed with water

A

barium swallow study

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8
Q

preparing a patient for a colonoscopy includes which of the following

A

no ASA, NSAIDs, or anticoagulants

NPO 4-6 hours prior

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9
Q

patient is placed on their _____ side for colonoscopy

A

left side with knees bent up toward the chest

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10
Q

two required for patient undergoing a liver biopsy

A

lay patient on right side post operatively

needle insertion on exhalation

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11
Q

this occurs when the bowel is physically blocked by a tumor, fecal impaction or adhesions from surgery

A

mechanical obstruction

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12
Q

this is caused by a neuromuscular disorder that results in decreased or absent peristalsis

A

paralytic ileus

non mechanical obstruction

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13
Q

signs and symptoms of intestinal obstruction

A

abdominal distension, abdominal pain, constipation, possible nausea and vomiting, absent bowel sounds

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14
Q

foods to avoid with a colostomy

A

eggs, fish, asparagus, garlic, beans, dark green leafy veggies, cranberry juice, buttermilk

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15
Q

digestive disorder that prevents your body from effectively absorbing nutrients from your food

A

malabsorption syndrome

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16
Q

population is at increased risk for cardiac or renal insufficiency, life threatening fluid and electrolyte imbalances

A

gerontological population

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17
Q

signs and symptoms of severe GERD

A

belching, sore throat, hoarseness, nausea and vomiting

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18
Q

this condition is treated by avoidance of precipitators, GI rest, H2 blockers and antibiotics

A

gastritis / gastroenteritis

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19
Q

black tarry stools, (broken down blood), foul smelling, black appearance

A

melena

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20
Q

this tube should be flushed with at least 30 to 50 ml of water or normal saline after each feed. routine care should cleans the site daily with soap and water. clean dressing changes with medications given separately

A

g tube, peg tube

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21
Q

g tube vs peg tube differences

A

g tube - a general term used for any feeding tube inserted directly into the stomach through the abdominal wall.

peg tube - percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube, a specific type of g tube placed using an endoscopic procedure.

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22
Q

peg tube vs g tube pros vs cons

A

peg tube:
less invasive
can be performed under moderate sedation or local anesthesia
shorter procedure time
quicker recovery

surgical g tube:
more invasive procedure
requires general anesthesia
longer procedure time
longer recovery period

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23
Q

stool from this area of a colostomy can be expected to remain liquid because little bile is available to reabsorb the liquid

A

ascending colostomy

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24
Q

this condition presents a board like abdomen with shoulder pain and is the most lethal complication of peptic ulcers disease

A

bowel perforation

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25
inflammation or infection of small pouches that form the lining of the digestive system
diverticulitis
26
this inflammatory bowel disease causes inflammation and ulcers of large intestine
ulcerative colitis
27
the break down of hemoglobin results in this pigment
bilirubin
28
this is scarred bands of liver tissue from damage
cirrhosis
29
increased pressure in the portal vein which carries blood from the digestive organs into the liver
portal hypertension
30
this occurs from a buildup of ammonia in the body that eventually builds up in the brain which causes confusion
encephalopathy
31
condition occurs because of blocked pancreatic duct or scar tissue further causing inflammation and infection. can be autoimmune
pancreatitis
32
risk factors for this condition include ETOH abuse, gallstones, trauma, surgery, bilary tract disease, medication toxicity
risk factors of pancreatitis
33
side lower back bruising that appears as blue discoloration, and is a sign of retroperitoneal hemorrhage
turners sign
34
pain management, pancreatic enzymes, and lifestyle changes to slow down the progression of the disease. no smoking, no ETOH
treatment for pancreatitis
35
a chronic inflammatory, auto immune disease with exacerbations and remissions
crohn's disease
36
prochlorperazine type haloperidol type
dopamine antagonists
37
ondansetron type
serotonin receptor agonist
38
Omeprazole type pantoprazole type
proton pump inhibitors
39
sucralfate type
pepsin inhibitors
40
misoprostol type
synthetic prostaglandin
41
kaolin type bismuth subaslicylate type
absorbents (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
42
pale, cold skin rapid, shallow breathing weak and rapid pulse low blood pressure
signs of shock
43
rouvsing's sign
pressure applied to the left lower quadrant - positive is pain felt by peritoneal irritation being caused by an inf lammed appendix - used to diagnose acute appendicitis
44
psoa's sign
press on hip passive range of motion - pain in abdomen suggests appendicitis
45
ERCP
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
46
PTC
x ray of biliary bile duct
47
if NG tube is partially removed
remove tube, contact provider
48
weakness dizziness vertigo diaphoresis tachycardia
signs of dumping syndrome
49
TPN can only run through
central venous catheters (CVCs) peripherally inserted central cathetars (PICC)
50
t tubes are placed in order to
common bile duct while the duct heals after surgery placed in order to prevent duct stricture after gallstone removal
51
tube residuals are
amount of food / chyme in the stomach or intestine which has not been digested yet or moved forward down the digestive tract
52
patients should avoid lying ________ after feedings
flat (less than 30 degree angle)
53
vitamin B12 is given post-op for which procedure
gastric bypass
54
aluminum based antacids can cause
constipation
55
after needle biopsy of the liver, the client is placed on the
right side to provide pressure to prevent bleeding
56
adverse effects of ondansetron
headache, dizziness, diarrhea
57
disease most likely to cause fistulation into the bowel and urinary tract
crohn's disease
58
prochlorperazine is an
antipsychotic medication used to treat nausea, vomiting and vertigo
59
excessive use of H2 blocking medications can result in
vitamin B12 deficiencies
60
what is avoided in crohn's disease
dietary fiber
61
a client who has heart failure must avoid
sodium based laxatives
62
liver cirrhosis and acute pancreatitis contraindications
do not elevate head of bed
63
when does pain from duodenal ulcers occur
between meals and at night
64
taking antiplatelets with peptic ulcer disease is
contraindicated
65
gastric restriction surgery is for
alternative to bariatric surgery that makes a small restrictive pouch in the stomach that is designed to limit food intake
66
marker for short term nutritional status and protein synthesis levels
pre albumin
67
fat soluble vitamins
A,D,E,K
68
water soluble vitamins
B complex vitamin C
69
which mineral is administered 2 hours after antibiotics
zinc
70
_______ reduces antibiotic absorption and bioavailability
zinc
71
nutritional assessment
height and weight BMI A1C Albumin
72
malnourishment is indicated by
protein catabolism exceeds protein intake = negative nitrogen balance
73
RNYGB
gastric bypass surgery where part of small intestine is cut and connected to top of the stomach to allow partial amounts of food to bypass the D and J into the Ilium
74
RNYGB
rouxeny gastric bypass
75
marker for long term nutritional status and long term protein synthesis rates
albumin
76
manifestations of vitamin A toxicity
leukopenia, aplastic anemia, hair loss, peeling skin
77
vitamin E increases ________
prothrombin time when combined with anticoagulant therapy
78
vitamin E functions to
antioxidant protection by neutralizing free radicals maintains a strong immune system against viruses and bacteria
79
manifestations of vitamin E toxicity
headache, fatigue, GI upset
80
vitamin C toxicity manifestations
GI upset, diarrhea, crystalluria, sickle cell crisis
81
aspirin with vitamin C
aspirin can reduce the GI's absorption of vitamin C
82
vitamin B6 (folate) functions
DNA synthesis tissue growth
83
B6 folate deficiency manifestations
anorexia, nausea, stomatitis, diarrhea, fatigue, alopecia
84
B6 folate during pregnancy helps prevent
neural tube defects
85
B6 folate ______ phenytoin levels
lowers bioavailability of phenytoin
86
B12 is excreted by what
the gastric mucosa
87
medications that cause B12 deficiency
metformin , PPIs
88
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome is
brain disorder caused by thiamine B1 deficiency which consists of two different presentations Wernicke's encephalopathy Korsakoff's psychosis
89
thiamine B1 is used to treat
Wernicke-korsakoff syndrome and alcohol abuse which depletes the brain of thiamine B1
90
fat soluble vitamins must be taken with
food and a full glass of water
91
medications that cause decreased iron absorption
penicillin fluoroquinolones peppermint St John's chamomile
92

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