GI Parasites 2

Question 1

what two phyla make up the Helminths?

Answer 1

1. Flatworms (Flukes and Cestodes/Tapeworms)

2. Roundworms or nematodes

Question 2

define zoonotic

Answer 2

-disease can be passed between animals and humans

Question 3

Cestodes
aka?
reproductive system?
Receive nutrition how?

Answer 3

• tapeworms
• extensive reproductive system
• nutrition by absorption

Question 4

what is the head of a cestode called?

Answer 4

scolex

Question 5

strobila are composed of _______?

Answer 5

proglottids

Question 6

what is the striking feature of Taenia Saginata?

Answer 6

-the passage of active and passive proglotids

Question 7

what is a common name for Taenia Saginata?

Answer 7

the beef tapeworm (cestode)

Question 8

what is the type of organism for Taenia Saginata?

Answer 8

cestode

Question 9

how is Taenia saginata transmitted?

Answer 9

cattle is the intermediate host and humans eat undercooked infected meat

Question 10

what does Taenia saginata cause?

Answer 10

• mild abdominal symptoms

- Taeniasis

Question 11

How is Taenia solium transmitted?

Answer 11

• the pig is the intermediate host

Question 12

what are the symptoms and risks of Taenia solium?

Answer 12

• symptom: passage of passive proglottids

- Risk of developing cysticercosis

Question 13

cysterci develop where and in regards to what organisms?

Answer 13

-cysterci develope in muscle in both Taenia saginata and solium

Question 14

cysticercosis occurs in what organisms?

who does it infect?

Answer 14

• infects both humans and pigs

- the larvel stage of Taenia solium is what is infective

Question 15

what is the risk of cysticercosis?

Answer 15

neurocysticercosis

Question 16

what type of organisms is Diphylobothrium latum?

Answer 16

-cestode (tapeworm)

Question 17

what is helpful in identifying Diphylobothrium latum?

Answer 17

-marked by elongated scolex

Question 18

how is Diphylobothrium latum transmitted?

Answer 18

-crustacean eats the larvae and fish eat the crustaceans, and humans consume the raw or undercooked fish

Question 19

what does Diphylobothrium latum cause?

Answer 19

• causes Diphyllobothriasis
• most is asymptomatic
• causes vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, vitamin b12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)

Question 20

what type of organism is Fasciolopsis buski?

Answer 20

-a large intestina fluke

Question 21

what does Fasciolopsis buski cause?

Answer 21

• Fasciolpsiasis

- most is asymptomatic but severe infections have diarrhea, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, eosinophilia

Question 22

how is Fasciolopsis buski transmitted?

Answer 22

-the snail is the intermediate host, humans eat infected water plants or pigs eat the infected water plants and cause disease

Question 23

where do adult Fasciolopsis buski live?

Answer 23

• adults reside in the intestine of mammalian host

Question 24

what is the proper word for roundworms?

Answer 24

Nematodes

Question 25

describe the characteristics of a Nematode?

Answer 25

- body covered in tough protective cuticle like insects (this is shed to grow) - pseudocoelomate - simple nervous and excretory system - no circulatory system * ** NO intermediate host

Question 26

what is the most common helminthic infection in the US?

Answer 26

Enterobius vermicularis?

Question 27

what type of organism is Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 27

a roundworm/ Nematode

Question 28

what does Enterobius vermicularis cause? | when and where geographically is it typically found?

Answer 28

- causes enterobiasis | - found more commonly in children and in temperate climate

Question 29

how is Enterobius vermicularis transmitted?

Answer 29

-hand to hand, person to person, and fomite transmission

Question 30

what is the common name for Enterobius vermicularis?

Answer 30

pinworm

Question 31

Ascaris lumbricoides is what type of organism?

Answer 31

a nematode/ roundworm

Question 32

what is the common name for Ascaris lumbricoides?

Answer 32

roundworm of man

Question 33

where is Ascaris lumbricoides found?

Answer 33

``` the intestine (ha :) -found in southeastern us ```

Question 34

what is the most common helminthic infection worldwide?

Answer 34

Ascaris lumbricoides

Question 35

how is Ascaris lumbricoides spread once it is in the body?

Answer 35

-larvae hatch in the intestine and then spread via the circulatory system to the lungs. The larvae mature in the lungs and then are swallowed to the small intestine

Question 36

what does Ascaris lumbricoides cause?

Answer 36

ascariasis - abdominal pain/ obstruction, stunted growth, - Causes EOSINOPHILIA (Loeffler's syndrome)

Question 37

what is a sequelae?

Answer 37

- a condition that is a consequence of a previous infection

Question 38

what helminths are hemaphrodites?

Answer 38

cestodes and flukes

Question 39

how many intermediate hosts do cestodes (tapeworms) have?

Answer 39

one

Question 40

how many intermediate hosts do flukes (trematodes) have?

Answer 40

most have two intermediate hosts

Question 41

how many intermediat hosts do roundworms (nematods) have?

Answer 41

none

Question 42

what is the sex of roundworms?

Answer 42

separate sexes

Question 43

what is the morphology of tapeworms (cestodes)?

Answer 43

-head with flat segmented body (proglottids)

Question 44

what is the morphology of flukes (trematodes)

Answer 44

leaf shaped with oral and ventral suckers

Question 45

what is the morphology of roundworms (nematodes)

Answer 45

spindle shaped

Question 46

what is Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 46

- obligate intracellular parasitic protozoa - cat is definitive host - causes Toxoplasmosis (most is asymptomatic or flue like symptoms)

Question 47

what is Pneumocystis carinii?

Answer 47

- a yeast like fungus - causes pneumocystis pneumonia - opportunistic infection - fever non productive cough, can cause a pneumothorax

Question 48

what two organisms cause eosinophilia?

Answer 48

Ascaris lumbricoides and Fasciolopsis buski