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MS3 - Histopathology > GI Pathology > Flashcards

GI Pathology Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Complications of reflux oesophagitis

A

Stricture
Barrett’s
Neoplasia

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2
Q

Achalasia

A

?Autoimmune
Inflammatory destruction of myenteric ganglion cells - regulate peristalsis
Lower oesophageal sphincter doesn’t open

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3
Q

Long term consequence of achalasia

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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4
Q

Oesophageal infection pathogens

A

Candida
HSV
Trypanosomiasis

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5
Q

Barrett’s oesophagus

A

Replacement of oesophageal lining

Stratified squamous -> glandular mucosa

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6
Q

Aetiology of Barrett’s oesophagus

A

Reflux of gastric acid and duodenal bile

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7
Q

Barrett’s segment

A

Between squamous columnar junction and gastro-oesophageal junction

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8
Q

Oesophageal neoplasia

A

Adenocarcinoma 80%

Squamous cell carcinoma 20%

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9
Q

Oesophageal adenocarcinoma formation

A

Normal squamous
Barrett’s (columnar)
Dysplasia
Adenocarcinoma

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10
Q

Classification of Gastritic

A

ABC

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11
Q

A type gastritis

A

Autoimmune / Atrophic

Chronic atrophic gastritis

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12
Q

B type gastritis

A

Bacterial

Chronic superficial gastritis

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13
Q

C type gastritis

A

Chemical

(Bile) Reflux gastritis / Reactive gastritis

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14
Q

Diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori

A

Gastritis
Peptic ulcer
MALT lymphoma
Carcinoma

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15
Q

Foveal cells

A

Produce mucous
pH = 7
H pylori attaches there
Causes inflammation

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16
Q

Normal gastric pH

A

2

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17
Q

Rx of MALT

A

H pylori eradication
PPI
Abx
+/- bismuth

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18
Q

Types of Gastric neoplasia

A

Adenocarcinoma
Lymphoma
Neuro-endocrine tumour
GIST

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19
Q

GIST

A

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour

Mutation in tyrosine kinase genes (KIT)

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20
Q

Mx of GIST

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A

Surgery

+/- TKI inhibitors (eg. imatininb)

21
Q

Coeliac disease

Study These Flashcards
A

Autoimmune
Reaction to gluten
Mx: Gluten free diet

22
Q

Histology in coeliac disease

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A

Flat mucosa
Crypt hyperplasia
Lymphocyte infiltration of lamina propria

23
Q

Giardiasis pathogen

Study These Flashcards
A

Giardia lamblia

Faeco-oral

24
Q

Types of neuro endocrine tumour

Study These Flashcards
A

Carcinoid

Small cell carcinoma

25
Crohn's disease age
15-30 yrs
26
Colonoscopy findings in Crohn's
Skip lesions
27
Mx of Crohn's disease
- 5-Aminosalycilic acid, - steroids, - immunosuppressive drugs, - monoclonal antibodies against TNF-α (Infliximab), - surgery
28
UC age group
Bimodal 20-50 yrs 60-70 yrs
29
Histology of UC
Crypt abscesses | Crypt architectural distortion
30
Complications of UC
Toxic megacolon Perforation Colon cancer
31
Mx of UC
- 5-ASA, - steroids, - immunosuppressive drugs, - surgery
32
Sx of toxic megacolon
High fever Tachycardia Diarrhoea
33
Cause of toxic megacolon
Paralysis of transverse colon motor function
34
Dysplasia
Abnormal growth and differentiation of tissue | Often pre-malignant
35
Colorectal polyp classification
Inflammatory Hamartomatous Neoplastic Others
36
Inflammatory pseudopolyps
In IBD | Hyperplastic mucosa
37
Hamartoma definition
Benign tumour like lesion | 2+ differentiated tissue elements
38
Hamartomatous polyp examples
Juvenile polyps | Peutz Jegher polyps (PJP)
39
Juvenile polyps
``` Cystic glands Normal/inflamed epithelium SMAD4 mutation Mean age 8 yrs PR bleeding ```
40
Peutz Jegher polyps
Pigmentation of oral mucosa, lips, palms, genitalia Autosomal dominant Throughout GI tract
41
Complications of PJP
Intussusception | Bowel obstruction
42
Polyp cells
Mostly epithelial | Some mesenchymal
43
Classification of adenoma polyps (neoplastic polyps)
Tubular Tubulovillous Villous Fat/depressed adenoma
44
Hyperplastic polyps
Most common in adults Asymptomatic > 60 yrs Usually benign
45
Sessile nodule
Hyperplastic polyp < 5 mm
46
Hyperplastic polyps with malignant potential
Mixed polyps: Hyperplasticadenomatous polyps Serrated adenomas
47
Leimyomatous polyp
Muscularis mucosae of rectum, jejunum, ileum | Epigastric pain, anaemia, PR bleeding
48
Colorectal cancer RFs
Western diet Increased fat intake Reduced stool bulk

MS3 - Histopathology (9 decks)

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