GI Regulatory Substances

Question 1

Gastrin’s actions?

Answer 1

Increase gastric H+ secretion, growth of gastric mucosa, gastric motility

Question 2

Gastrin is increased by? Decreased by?

Answer 2

Increased By: Stomach Distention

Decreased By: low pH

Question 3

What can cause increased gastrin?

Answer 3

1. Chronic PPI use

2. Zollinger Ellison Syndrome

Question 4

G cells for gastrin are the only cells found in?

Answer 4

Antrum of the stomach

Question 5

Somatostatin Actions?

Answer 5

Decreases acid, pancreatic fluid and insulin secretions

And decreases contractions

Question 6

Somatostatin is increased by? Decreased by?

Answer 6

Increased by acid

Decreased by vagal

Question 7

Somatostatin is made from?

Answer 7

D cells

Question 8

CCK is made in response to?

Answer 8

fatty acids, amino acids

Question 9

CCK action?

Answer 9

Increases secretions, gallbladder contractions and relaxation of spinchter of Oddi and delay gastric emptying

Question 10

CCK is made from?

Answer 10

I cells

Question 11

Secretin is made from?

Answer 11

S cells

Question 12

S cells are only found in the?

Answer 12

Duodenum

Question 13

Secretin main role?

Answer 13

Increase bicarb secretions

Decrease gastric emptying

Question 14

Secretin is made in response to?

Answer 14

Acid and fatty acids

Question 15

GIP is made in response to?

Answer 15

Oral glucose

Question 16

GIP actions?

Answer 16

1. decreases H+ secretion

2. Increases insulin release

Question 17

GIP is made from?

Answer 17

K cells

Question 18

Motilin is increased when you are?

Answer 18

fasting

Question 19

Motilin stimulates or inhibits peristalsis?

Answer 19

Stimulates

Question 20

VIP is made by?

Answer 20

Parasympathetic ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, small intestine

Question 21

Watery Diarrhea with hypokalemia and achlorhydria think?

Answer 21

VIPoma

Question 22

VIP action?

Answer 22

Increase intestinal water/electrolyte secretion

Question 23

Decreased what is implicated in increased LES tone of achalasia?

Answer 23

NO

Question 24

IF is made by?

Answer 24

Parietal Cells

Question 25

With B12, IF is taken up by the?

Answer 25

Terminal ileum

Question 26

Gastric acid is secreted by MOA what are they?

Answer 26

1. Stretch=>vagus=>GRP=>G cells=>gastrin=>CCK receptor 2. Stretch=>Vagus=>Ach=>M3 receptors 3. Gastrin=>ECL cells=>Histamine=>H2 receptors

Question 27

Where in the GI system do you find a + feedback loop?

Answer 27

Trypsinogen

Question 28

Only what kind of sugars can be absorbed?

Answer 28

monosaccharides

Question 29

Glucose and galactose are taken up by?

Answer 29

SGLT1 (Na+ dependent).

Question 30

Fructose is taken up by?

Answer 30

facilitated diffusion by GLUT-5

Question 31

All are taken up to blood by?

Answer 31

GLUT-2.

Question 32

What test is used to distinguish GI mucosal damage from other causes of malabsorption?

Answer 32

D-xylose absorption test

Question 33

Iron is absorbed by?

Answer 33

duodenum.

Question 34

Folate is absorbed by?

Answer 34

small bowel

Question 35

B12 is absorbed by?

Answer 35

terminal ileum

Question 36

Rate limiting Synthesis of Bile?

Answer 36

Cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase

Question 37

Bile actions?

Answer 37

1. Digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins 2. Cholesterol excretion (body’s only means of eliminating cholesterol) ƒ 3. Antimicrobial activity (via membrane disruption)