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Microbio II Exam 2 > GI system Trematode and Cestodes > Flashcards

GI system Trematode and Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

clonorchiasis

cause

A

clonorchis and opsthocris

human liver trematodes

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2
Q

clonorchiasis

epi (of each)

A

clonorchis-> Asia

opsthorchis-> Europe and Asia in humans and fish eating mammals

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3
Q

clonorchiasis

life cycle

A

they live in the bile duct and liver of mammals and release eggs
eggs ingested by snails and develop into cercaria-> penetrate fish

develop into metacercaria and we eat the fish

goes to intestine and bile

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4
Q

clonorchiasis

path

A

worms tunnel LIVER-> causing hyperplasia of epithelium
can also cause toxic irritation of liver and bile duct->- and thickening of bile duct walls -> causing fibrous thickening* obstruction or biliary cirrhosis

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5
Q

clonorchiasis

ss

A

fever anemia jaundice* edema ascites* abdominal pain indigestion malnutrition nausea and diarrhea

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6
Q

clonorchiasis

dx

A

mall thick shelled eggs with shoulders founded in stained fecal concentrations

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7
Q

clonorchiasis

tx

A

praziquantel

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8
Q

schistosomiasis

cause

A

schistosome species

trematodes that live in human blood vessels

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9
Q

schistosomiasis

epi

A

Africa Asia philipines and caribbean islands

human and mammal

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10
Q

schistosomiasis

life cycle

A

blood vessels
eggs released into blood stream and migrate to intestinal tract / urinary bladder

miracidia hatch in waterways and penetrate snails

in snails they develop into cercaria-> and are released into water back to humans (CERCARIA ARE THE INFECTIOUS FORM)

In humans after skin penetration they develop into schistosomula that enter the blood stream

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11
Q

schistosomiasis
path
avoidance of immunity

A

toxic irritation of the itssues
little tissue damage via adults bc they incorporate host antigens onto their surface-> so they aren’t recognized as foreign

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12
Q

schistosomiasis
ss

can cause?

A

enlarged fibroticc liver and spleen
dysuria urinary frequency abdominal pain hematuria ascites edema conjunctival granulomas

symptoms related to amount and location of eggs

can produce squamous cell epithelioma

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13
Q

schistosomiasis

dx

A

over percolated eggs with single spines that differ in their locations for each species

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14
Q

schistosomiasis

tx

A

praziquantel

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15
Q

fascioliasis

cause

A

fasciola hepatica - sheep liver fluke

fasciola giganti - giant liver trematode

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16
Q

fascioliasis

epi

A

hepatica- worldwide

giganti- herbiboes in africa asia and hawaii

both have humans and herbivores as reservoir and definitive hosts

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17
Q

fascioliasis

life cycle

A

they live in livers and eggs are released via poop

miracidia hatch in waterways and penetrate snails

in snails they develop into cercaria-> and are released into water
and turn into metacercaria

METACERCARIA ARE THE INFECTIOUS FORM)

we eat the raw plants and metacercaria penetrate our intestines

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18
Q

fascioliasis

path

A

adult worms destroy liver and infect other organs

cause mechanical and toxic irritation* in liver and cause obstruction and fibrosis*

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19
Q

fascioliasis

ss

A

fever chills night sweats headache anorexia malaise

wt loss urticaria eosinophilia

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20
Q

fascioliasis

dx

A

large thin shelled operculated eggs from fecal concentrations

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21
Q

fascioliasis

tx

A

triclabendazole

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22
Q

diphyllobothriasis

cause

A

diphyllobothrium latum

cestode
fish tapeworm

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23
Q

diphyllobothriasis

epi

A

worldwide

fish eating mammals

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24
Q

diphyllobothriasis

life cycle

A

worms live in small intestine of humans lay eggs via pupa

coricidum larva hatch and are ingested by crustaceans -> into procercoid larva

infected crustaceans ingested by freshwater fish and plerocercoid larva develop into muscles of fish
we at the raw fish and they attach to the mucosa

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25
diphyllobothriasis | path
infection produces mechanical irritation to mucosa of smalll intestine toxic substances excreted affect the CNS*
26
diphyllobothriasis | ss
enteritis vomiting diarrhea abdominal pain wt loss allergic responses adult worms deplete fit B 12*-> causing pernicious anemia
27
diphyllobothriasis | dx
thin shelled percolated eggs in fecal concentrations
28
diphyllobothriasis | tx
niclosamide therapeutic doses of Vitamins B12
29
dipylidiasis | cause
dipylidum caninum (cestode)-> dog tapeworm
30
dipylidiasis location transmission
worldwide humans and mammals via fleas and lice (intermediate host)
31
dipylidiasis | who gets the disease
human infections are in children who accidentally eat fleas or lice
32
dipylidiasis | what life cycle infects us
cysticercoid larva infects us thats inside the ingested flea or lice
33
dipylidiasis | life cycle
adult worms life in intestines of humans and dogs eggs embryonate into oncospheres and are in fecal contaminated soil* ingested by fleas or lice larva develop into cysticercoid larva humans or dogs ingest the fleas and the cysticercoid larva
34
dipylidiasis | path
adult worms attach to intestine the metabolic products cause an inflammatory response, hypersensitivity and hemorrhagic enteritis
35
dipylidiasis | immunity
no
36
dipylidiasis | ss
womiting diarrhea | nervous symptoms skin rash and allergic response
37
dipylidiasis | dx
egg packets containing multiple eggs with onchospheres
38
dipylidiasis | tx
praziquantel
39
Echinococcosis | cause
echinocactus granulosis, multiocularis, vogali | GI cestode
40
Echinococcosis | epi
worldwide | mammals
41
Echinococcosis | stage that infects us
we eat the onchospheres | develop into hydatid cysts
42
Echinococcosis | life cyle
adult worms live in small intestines of carnivores onchospheres passed in feces humans/ herbs or omivores ingest feces and onchospheres hats and penetrate small intestine to tissues carnivores eat the animals-> cysts develop into adult worms
43
Echinococcosis | path
cysts develop and displace tissue (these are the HUGE ones) result in loss of function and DEVELOPMENT OF HYPERSENSITIVITY multiocularis-> alveolar hydatid cysts volgeli-> polycystic hydatid cysts
44
Echinococcosis | immunity
no
45
Echinococcosis | ss
due to HYPERSENSITIVITY response to cysts sweating anorexia fatigue and wt loss rupture of these cysts cause anaphylactic shock and then you die
46
Echinococcosis | dx
hydatid cysts on CT Xray or tissue preps
47
Echinococcosis | tx
albendazole and surgery | you'll probably die
48
clonorchiasis what stage infects us who gets it?
we eat infected fish with cercaria and metacercaria form mainly people over 40 bc it takes a long time to develop
49
schistosomiasis | what stage infects us
cercaria )which are in water penetrate our skin and develop into schistosomula
50
fascioliasis | what stage infects us
metacercaria thats on aquatic vegetation
51
Hymenolepiasis | cause
Hymenolepis diminuta hymenolepos nana (cestode) small tapeworms
52
Hymenolepiasis epi Nana v diminiuta
worldwide humans mammals ingestion of eggs with nana ingestion of larva for diminutha
53
Hymenolepiasis life cycle (both)
live in small intestine of humans and rodents - eggs pass out in fece nana-> ingestion of onchospheres becoming larvae -> tapeworms diminuta-> insects ingest onchospheres-> become larva in insects-> we eat the insects
54
Hymenolepiasis | path
damage mucosa of intestine, there is allergic response but not very often
55
Hymenolepiasis | immunity
partial | lil kids get it
56
Hymenolepiasis | ss
nod | convulsions eosinophilia toxemia
57
Hymenolepiasis | dx
oval eggs containing onchospheres
58
Hymenolepiasis | tx
praziquantel
59
Taneiasis | cause
``` Taniea solium (pork tapeworm) taniearhychus sanguinatus (beef tapeworm) ``` cestode
60
Taneiasis location transmission
worldwide by eating pork or beef that isn't completely cooked we are definitive hosts
61
Taneiasis | life cycle
live in small intestine of humans hatch and develop into cysticercus cellulose which are ingested
62
Taneiasis based on what you eat ss
cysticercus larvae-> tapeworms in GI obstruction inflammation and irritation eggs-> develop into larva-> (brain) ring lesions and calcification of the tissues nervous manigestation seizures epileptic attachs
63
Taneiasis | immunity
partial
64
Taneiasis | dx
eggs with hexacabth embryos and striated shells
65
Taneiasis | tx
cysticercus cellulosa-> praziquantel niclosamide
66
Anisakiasis | cause
anisakis simplex Gi nematode
67
Anisakiasis | epi
world wide -> where sushi is consumed | large marine mammals are the host
68
Anisakiasis | what infects us
ingesting the nematode larva
69
Anisakiasis | life cycle
``` adults worms live in GI released via poop crustaceans eat squid eat marine mammals (definitive host) ``` we eat the mammals (dead end)
70
Anisakiasis | path
develop into cysts with CT cause obstruction and inflammation at tissue site , eosinophilic granulomas have a boring tooth
71
Anisakiasis | ss
n/v coughing fever peritonitis
72
Anisakiasis | dx
larva encysted in muscle tissue (not poop)
73
Anisakiasis | tx
mebendazoleor surgical removal
74
Ancylostomiasis cause definitive host?
ancylohstoma duodenale nectar americanus (human hookworm) humans*
75
Ancylostomiasis | life cycle
in feces of humans-> poop eggs out Rhabditiform larva develop in grass-> filariform larva and infect our skin go to lungs coughed up etc
76
Ancylostomiasis | path
cause skin lesions and allergic reaction* inflammation of alveoli-> can cause entrapment in lungs suck blood-> causing iron deficiency anemia*
77
Ancylostomiasis | immunity
partial
78
Ancylostomiasis | ss
Iron deficiency anemia anorexia | wheezing pneumonitis etx
79
Ancylostomiasis | dx
thin shelled eggs with embryos in 4-8 cell stages
80
Ancylostomiasis | tx
mebendazole
81
Ascariasis | cause
ascaris lumbricoides nematode
82
Ascariasis location whos at risk>
worldwide | [people who use poop as fertilizer are at risk
83
Ascariasis | what stage gets us sick
ingestion the infectious eggs | - which remain in soil for years*
84
Ascariasis | life cycle
in poop eggs embryonate in soil we eat the eggs larva-> travel to liver and lungs via bloodstream
85
Ascariasis | path
obstruction occlusion can lodge in bile duct or appendix can cause neurologic type symptoms due to allergic metabolites immune response- athena urticaria etc
86
Ascariasis | ss
loeffler syndrome- eosinophilia in lung tissue pneumonitis abd cramps diarrhea granulomas
87
Ascariasis | dx
ovoid shaped eggs with thick* outer covering
88
Ascariasis tx immunity
mebendazole partial
89
Enterobiasis | cause
enterobius vermicularis nematode-> human pinworm
90
Enterobiasis | eoi
worldwide | seen in young children*
91
Enterobiasis | life cycle
females migrate and deposit eggs on perianal area of skin we ingest eggs from material lodged under fingernails bedding clothes etc eggs become infective after deposited on anus
92
Enterobiasis | path
females irritate anal area-> itchy anus appendicitis* vulvovaginitis
93
Enterobiasis | dx
tape applied to anal area | - observed with thin shelled eggs with embryos inside
94
Enterobiasis | tx
albendazole
95
stronglylodiasis | cause
strongyloides stercolaris
96
stronglylodiasis location hosts
tropics of US humans cats and dogs
97
stronglylodiasis | life cycle
parthenogenic adult female worms produce LARVATED eggs that have rabditiform larvae develop into filariform larvae-> which penetrate our skin travel to lung coughed up and swallowed Autoinfection occurs!-> penetrates anal area
98
stronglylodiasis | path
sloughing of intestinal mucosa-> ulcers and malabsorption* inflammatory response in lungs can travel to brain lungs GI
99
stronglylodiasis | ss
serpiginous macular eruptions of skin* itching washed and urticaria pneumonitis sob abd nvd
100
stronglylodiasis | dx
larvated thin shelled eggs seen | rhabditifrom larva seen in bronchial washing
101
stronglylodiasis | tx
ivermectin
102
trichuriasis | cause
trichuris trichina | human whipworm
103
trichuriasis epi reservoir common in?
humans only reservoir prevalent in people who use poop as fertilizer
104
trichuriasis | life cycle
worms live in intestine-> pass eggs via poop carriers shed eggs for years larvated eggs are ingested -> adult worm
105
trichuriasis | path
depends on load and nutritional status inflammation of cecum and appendix***
106
trichuriasis | immunity
partial
107
trichuriasis | ss
loss of appetite wt loss malnourishment anemia growth retardation mucoid diarrhea colitis rectal prolapse and proctitis most symptomatic
108
trichuriasis | dx
barrel shaped polar plugged egs
109
trichuriasis | tx
melbendazole
110
trichinosis | cause
trichina spiralis
111
trichinosis location hist transmission
worldwide humans and mammals consumption of infected meat
112
trichinosis | life cycle
worms in small intestine larva related into bloodd stream* and form cyst in striated muscles resistant to heat or freezing
113
trichinosis | path
``` larva cause inflammation and hypersensitivity inflammatory response (EOSINOPHILIA) ```
114
trichinosis | ss
nvd myalgia after 2 weeks-> myositis pain and swelling of arms and legs , CHF, paralysis anaphylaxis
115
trichinosis | dx
encysted larva in muscle tissue*
116
trichinosis | tx
thiabendazole in intestinal stage | mebendazole in muscular stage
117
Enterobiasis * | ss
anal pruritus scratching appendicitis

Microbio II Exam 2 (7 decks)

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