GIEL Topic 1 (Concepts)

Question 1

2 points

How are local communities dependent on nature?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 1

1. Nature provides air and water
2. Nature is a space for recreation and leisure → bond with others → maintain physical/mental well-being

Question 2

2 points

How is nature dependent on local communities?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 2

1. Locals tend to health of nearby nature
2. Individuals spread awareness of sustainable behaviour → reduced irreversible damage

Question 3

Mutual Relationship = Parties involved benefit each other

How are locals and nature mutually dependent?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 3

Nature: Presence enhances mental health/well-being

Humans: Reforestation activities → more shelter/habitat for wildlife → enhanced health of nature area

Question 4

3 points

How do nature areas benefit humans?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 4

1. Lowering Air Temperatures
2. Removal of Pollutants
3. Provision of Recreational Spaces

Question 5

2 points

How does nature lower air temperatures?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 5

Vegetation:
1. Provides Shade
2. Cools air through evapotranspiration

Question 6

3 points

How does nature remove air pollutants?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 6

1. CO2 + others absorbed during photosynthesis, released as O2
2. Particles intercepted by leaves, and washed to ground after rain
3. Wetland plants trap materials and absorb excess nutrients → increased water quality

Question 7

2 points

How does nature provide recreational spaces?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 7

1. Offer numerous outdoor activites
2. Frequent interactions → increased health/well-being benefits → reduces severity and occurence of health issues

Question 8

2 points

How do humans benefit nature?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 8

1. Raising awareness + encouraging sustainable behaviour
2. Organisation and Participation in conservsation efforts
   (Short answer: they don’t)

Question 9

2 points

How does nature disadvantage humans?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 9

1. Human-wildlife conflicts
2. Limiting Development

Question 10

3 points

Reasons for increased human-wildlife encounters in Singapore

Chp. 1.1

Answer 10

1. Urban Expansion
2. Growing interest in outdoor recreation
3. Greening efforts by the state

Question 11

How does nature limit development?

Chp. 1.1

Answer 11

Protection of environment may be done at the expense of needs (construction of human areas)

Question 12

3 points

Characteristics of a sense of place

Chp. 1.2

Answer 12

1. Developed when meanings/memories are associated with locations
2. Derived from experiences and interactions
3. Highly personal and subjective

Question 13

2 points

How is a sense of place acquired?

Chp 1.2

Answer 13

1. Repeated encounters with objects/people
2. Significant/memorable events at local landmarks and gathering places

Question 14

How is sense of place represented?

Chp 1.2

Answer 14

Through different forms of media by organisations/individuals (social media)

Question 15

How do representations enhance/contradict sense of place?

Chp 1.2

Answer 15

Portrayals of a place may increase our interests if positive, but challenge our sense of place if negative → causing us to respond defensively or dismiss content as untruths.

Question 16

What are regions?

Chp 1.3

Answer 16

Areas with similar physical/human characteristics that vary in size.

OR: Sphere of influence of certain organisations

Question 17

3 points

How are regions classified?

Chp 1.3

Answer 17

1. Environmental Characteristics
2. Human Characteristics
3. Geographical Location

Question 18

What are spatial patterns?

Chp 1.3

Answer 18

They reflect non-random arrangements recognisable by shapes, clusters, geometry or repeated occurences at regular intervals

Question 19

What are spatial associations?

Chp 1.3

Answer 19

They refer to the tendency of a pair of services/objects being near each other.

Question 20

Advantages of knowing spatial patterns and associations

Chp 1.3

Answer 20

Increases understanding of our surroundings and enhances everyday living

Question 21

What are spatial scales?

Chp 1.4

Answer 21

Refers to the extent of an area in which a phenomenon or process takes place. (Global, regional, local)

Question 22

Spatial Hierarchies in Singapore

Chp 1.4

Answer 22

Residential Unit → Precincts → Neighbourhoods → Towns

Question 23

What is a Precinct?

Chp 1.4

Answer 23

Made of 400-800 residential units
- Facilities often in close proximity
- Some are spread throughout the precinct

Question 24

What is a neighbourhood?

Chp 1.4

Answer 24

Made up of a few precincts
- serves between 4K to 6K residents
- surrounds the town centre
- have integrated facilities

Question 25

What is a **town**? ## Footnote Chp 1.4

Answer 25

Comprises a few neighbourhoods - Has a wide range of facilities and features such as: 1. Extensice roads and networks (Connectivity) 2. Shops and Schools

Question 26

# 2 points How is **town planning** done in Singapore? ## Footnote Chp 1.4

Answer 26

1. Serves residents and provides for nature at distinct levels of the local area. 2. Creates connections and synergies across spatial hierarchies .

Question 27

How does town planning **serve residents?** ## Footnote Chp 1.4

Answer 27

- Land is allocated for housing, industrial and commercial development - Remaining set aside for essential facilities → enables town to be **self-sufficient** and provide employment opportunities → often complementary

Question 28

How does town planning **increase connectivity and synergy?** ## Footnote Chp 1.4

Answer 28

It achieves sustainability through: - Long-term planning through resource optimisation - Accomodation for uses to account for smaller land area: Military, Airports, etc.