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gilded age Flashcards

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1
Q

Boss Tweed

A

in charge of Tamany Hall, ran the New York City Democratic Party and used bribery, graft, and fraud to swindle millions. eventually found out and jailed

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2
Q

Roscoe Conkling

A

senator that led the “Stalwart” faction of the Republican Party in 1870s and 80s

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3
Q

Horace Greeley

A

nominee running against Grant in the election of 1872. mudslinging election - Republicans denounced him as a communist, free lover, and vegetarian

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4
Q

Stalwarts

A

faction of Republican Party that were traditionalists and opposed the moderates. supported Grant for president. supported patronage system

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5
Q

hard money

A

opposed the advocacy for cheap paper money

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6
Q

patronage

A

political parties granted jobs and favors to party regulars and supporters

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7
Q

The Forgettable Presidents

A

Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland

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8
Q

poll tax

A

a price necessary for voting - prevented many former slaves from voting

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9
Q

Pendleton Act

A

created the Civil Service Commission, end spoils system

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10
Q

J P Morgan

A

“the bankers’ banker”, used the system of interlocking directorates to neutralize competition and become a banking tycoon

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11
Q

pools

A

earliest form of business combination - agreement to divide business in a given area and share the profits

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12
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

steel tycoon who used practice of vertical integration (consolidating all steps of manufacturing into his one company) to eliminate competition. Gospel of wealth about philanthropy

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13
Q

James Duke

A

used new machine to make cigarettes to absorb competitors into his American Tobacco Company

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14
Q

United States Steel

A

company founded by Carnegie, steel producer

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15
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

forbade trusts or combinations in business. first legislation to regulate big business for public good

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16
Q

Yellow Dog Contract

A

written contract between employers and employees in which the employees sign an agreement that they will not join a union while working for the company

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17
Q

corporation

A

a company

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18
Q

Knights of Labor

A

second national labor organization. known for wanting to organize all workers, regardless of skill level, gender, or race

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19
Q

new immigrants

A

Chinese came for gold and RR work. very disliked

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20
Q

Hull House

A

settlement house for immigrants established by Jane Addams

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21
Q

Modernists

A

opposed religious fundamentalists and suported change and ideas of a “good God”

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22
Q

Credit Mobilier

A

construction company formed by owners of Union Pacific Railroad commissioned to build the railroad at highly inflated prices (and profits)

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23
Q

James Blaine

A

champion of the “Half Breeds”, a faction of the Republican Party opposed to spoils system and the stalwarts headed by Conkling

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24
Q

Half Breeds

A

faction of republican party opposed to spoils system

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25
Panic of 1873
depression caused by over speculation that led to further call for cheap paper money and unlimited coinage of silver
26
Greenback Labor Party
union of farmers wanting cheap paper money and improving labor. James b weaver run for president
27
Compromise of 1877
resolved 1876 election and ended Reconstruction. Hayes, the republican candidate, would win the presidency and withdraw federal troops from south
28
Plessy v Ferguson
Supreme Court case that upheld segregation as long as black facilities were "separate but equal"
29
D Kearny
An Irish born leader of the anti-Chinese movement in California. Led followers to violent abuse of the Chinese, and resented cheap labor from the Chinese. This led to the Chinese Exclusion Act
30
Panic of 1893
escalated the silver vs gold debate
31
land grants
areas set aside for railroad construction
32
Interstate Commerce Act
established Interstate Commerce Commission, compelled railroads to publish standard rates, and prohibited rebates and pools
33
Rockefeller
oil tycoon, Standard Oil Company, perfected trust system in which one company controls others by granting control of its operations, through stock ownership, to other companies
34
H Bessemer
developed a much cheaper process of making steel
35
kerosene
first major product of oil industry
36
Gibson Girl
magazine image of an independent and athletic "new woman"
37
closed shop
practice of allowing only unionized employees to work for a particular company
38
National Labor Union
first national labor organization. didn't allow participation of Chinese, women, blacks
39
American Federation of Labor
national federation of trade unions including only skilled workers.
40
social gospel
liberal Protestant movement that rejected biblical literalism and supported ethical teaching of bible. reform oriented
41
American Protective Association
anti immigrant organization
42
Booker T Washington
ex slave and champion of black education. didn't advocate for full equality which caused him to be criticized; formed Tuskegee Institute
43
Morrill Act
generous grant of public lands to the states in support of education
44
Pragmatism
theory that the true value of an idea lay in its ability to solve problems
45
A Century of Dishonor
a book chronicling the record of government ruthlessness when dealing with the Indians
46
Dawes Severalty Act
broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households. leftover land was sold for money to fund gov efforts to "civilize" Native Americans
47
J W Powell
explorer and director of US Geological Survey warned that so little rain fell beyond the 100th meridian that agriculture was impossible
48
the Grange
Patrons of Husbandry - encouraged farming families to band together in community
49
Jacob Coxey
"general" with and "army" of marchers marched on Washington with demand of government relieving unemployment through inflationary public works program. arrested for walking on the grass
50
Eugene V Debs
leader of the Pullman strike which overturned cars and blocked railways. arrested
51
J P Altgeld
pardoned 3 men accused of conspiring in the bombing attack at Haymarket Square
52
W J Bryan
championed the cause of silver, Cross of Gold speech
53
the Maine
American ship sent to Cuba that sunk due to an accidental explosion but many blamed the Spanish
54
E Aguinaldo
Filipino insurgent who helped US beat Spain and later revolts against US when we don't leave
55
Platt Amendment
part of the Cuban constitution that limited treaty making abilities, controlled debt, and stipulated that the US could re enter militarily at any time
56
W E B Du Bois
black leader who advocate for complete equality and assailed Booker T Washington for condemning the race to perpetual inferiority
57
Comstock Law
Americans in support of traditional morals supporting sexual purity
58
Ghost Dance
when this Native American religious dance was outlawed but continued to spread it led to Battle of Wounded Knee
59
Homestead Act
allowed a farmer to acquire a 160 acre piece of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee
60
Sooners
people who entered Oklahoma illegally while it was still Native American territory
61
Populist Party
Peoples party grew stronger this time period, advocated for rural concerns. James b weaver was the most successful third party candidate up to this point
62
Pullman Strike
strike led by railway workers over drastically cut wages. federal troops forced an end
63
Richard Olney
attorney general who suggested the use of federal troops to stop Pullman strike
64
William McKinley
McK tariff 48.4%; president during the Hawaiian and Cuban issues; supporter of gold not silver
65
A T Mahan
wrote "The Influence of Sea Power on History" which said the sea was key to dominance
66
Teller Amendment
said when US had overthrown Spain, they would give Cuba their freedom
67
insular cases
series of cases about the constitution following the flag. meaning peurto ricans and filipinos wouldn't enjoy all American rights

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