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Fundamentals of GIS > GIS exam 2 > Flashcards

GIS exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

difference between nodes and vertices?

A

nodes are points on the end of a line. Vertices are points on the continuum.

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2
Q

What is a single-part feature?

A

single part is homogenous. They belong to the same feature class (?)

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3
Q

What is a multi-part feature?

A

Features that do not belong to the same feature class.

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4
Q

How is spatial vs. non-spatial information stored?

A

Spatial information is stored in x/y pairs, whereas non-spatial info is stored in an attribute table.

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5
Q

What is Topology?

A

the study of those properties of
geometric objects that remain invariant under certain
transformations such as bending or stretching

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6
Q

What are features of the spaghetti model?

A

lines or polygons that are stored as separate entities.
-many “silver” polygons could be generated

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7
Q

is the spaghetti model okay for cartographic displays? what about spatial analysis?

A

yes to cartography. FUCK NO to analysis.

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8
Q

What are some features of the arc-node (topological) model?

A

it maintains a clean topology between points, lines, and polygons.

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9
Q

In an arcnode model, what is connectivity?

A

when Arcs connect to
each other at nodes.

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10
Q

in an arcnode model, what is area definition?

A

when an area is defined by a series of connected arcs

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11
Q

in an arcnode model, what is contiguity?

A

when arcs have directions and left/right polygons

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12
Q

what is the difference between topological data and non-topological data?

A

topological data is invariant. It can bend, but the topology stays the same. non-topological data can be digitized, but may create silver polygons that are variant and have to be removed if used for spatial analyisis

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13
Q

what is a source scale?

A

the original scale of the data source from which it is digitized

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14
Q

what can you use to determine whether the source scale is suitable for the objective of your database?

A

metadata

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15
Q

a table with xy coordinates can have the locations displayed on a map as what?

A

an event layer, or stored as a feature class

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16
Q

what relies on comparing the components of addresses to the address range data in a reference GIS map layer?

A

Geocoding (oh my god)

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17
Q

what are the 2 ways to extract a subset of features?

A

attribute based: using query while importing/exporting data
location based: clip and erase

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18
Q

what does the clip feature do?

A

extracts features from a bounding polygon from another feature class. The input can be any vector data, and the output feature class must be THE SAME OR HIGHER DIMENSION of the output feature class.

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19
Q

what does an erase operation do?

A

extracts the features OUTSIDE of a bounding polygon from another feature class. The input can be points, lines, or polygons, and the output must be of the same or higher dimension of the input.

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20
Q

What is the difference between the append and merge tool?

A

in append, NO NEW FIELDS ARE DROPPED/ADDED. MERGE MAY HAVE NEW FIELDS, SAME FIELDS<

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21
Q

what does the append tool do?

A

The append tool adds multiple input datasets to an EXISTING target dataset.

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22
Q

WHAT does the mf merge tool do

A

Merge COMBINES multiple input datasets into a single NEW output dataset.

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23
Q

In simplifying your data, what does generalizing do?

A

uses fewer vertices to represent the shape of the features

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24
Q

in simplifying your data, what does dissolve do?

A

reduces the number of features by merging features with the same attribute values. removes boundaries.

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25
what cardinality types fall under table join?
one-to-one, and many-to-one
26
what are some examples of one-to-one joins?
states to governors countries to capitals
27
what are some examples of many-to-one table join?
counties to states schools to districts
28
what cardinality types fall under table relates?
one-to-many, and many-to-many
29
what are some examples of one-to-many table relate?
states to counties districts to schools
30
what are some examples of many-to-many table relates?
students to classes stores to costs?
31
in a table structure, what are rows called?
records
32
in a table structure, what are columns called?
fields
33
what are fields typically defined by?
-ASCII v binary type storage -Bytes of storage allocated -Integer v. floating point
34
what is a database management system
a computer base for organizing and manipulating data
35
difference between database and database management system?
a database stores data, a DBMS is a program for organizing and manipulating data
36
what does a target table do?
it receives additional info
37
what does a join table do?
provides extra info
38
based on target-to-join relationship of tables, what does a one-to-one table join do?
one record in the target table matches one record in the join table
39
Based on target-to-join relationship of tables, what does a many-to-one table join do
many records in the target table match one record in the join table
40
Based on target-to-join relationship of tables, what does a one-to-many table RELATE do
one record in the target table (l) match many records in the join table. However, you can't display multiple records in one single record in the target table. So, you choose table relate.
41
based on target-to-join relationship of tables, what does a many-to-many table relate/relationship class do
multiple records in one table match multiple records in another.
42
what do you need to do to fields before using them?
define them
43
what can you use for defining a field?
letters, numbers, and underscore.
44
what do fields need to start with?
a letter.
45
what is the fundamental mode of computer storage?
binary
46
What does ASCII stand for
american standard code for info interchange
47
what does ASCII do?
stores letters, characters, and symbols as 7-bit binary codes.
48
what types of data do you use for integers?
short and long
49
what types of data do you use for real numbers, text, and date?
float and double
50
what are short integers stored as?
2-byte binary numbers from -32,000 to +32,000
51
what are long integers stored as?
4 byte binary numbers from -2.14 billion to +2.14 billion
52
how many digits with float
8
53
what provides a predefined list of values?
coded value domain
54
what specifies the range of numeric values permitted?
range domain
55
what are the special geometry fields
shape_length and shape_area
56
when are shape_length and shape_area updated automatically?
when the feature shape changes
57
what is the function of an interactive query
visually identifies the desired features in a map or records in a table
58
what is the function of an interactive query
visually identifies the desired features in a map or records in table
59
what is an example of an interactive query
states west of the mississippi
60
what is an attribute query?
an expression is used to find records with values meeting a specified condition
61
what is an example of an attribute query
counties with more than 100,000 people
62
what does a spatial query do?
evaluates the relationship between 2 layers
63
what is an example of a spatial query?
cities within 50 miles of a major earthquake
64
what does an attribute query do?
uses expressions applied to the table to find records that meet the conditions.
65
in boolean logic, when and is true
the middle venn diagram is shaded in
66
boolean, when OR is true
if EITHER or BOTH are true
67
boolean, if XOR is true
everything BUT the middle is shaded
68
boolean, if NOT is true
first is true, other is false

Fundamentals of GIS (6 decks)

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