Phys geo exam 3

Question 1

What pedogenic regime is common for prairies/grasslands, fairly fertile, and allows for some calcium salts to be mined

Answer 1

calcification

Question 2

what pedogenic regime has gray soil, is good for coniferous/boreal forests, and means “like ashes” in russian

Answer 2

Podzolization

Question 3

What pedogenic regime is white, is found in arid/semi arid environments, and has salt deposits that leave the environment toxic to plants

Answer 3

salinization

Question 4

what pedogenic regime is gray, found in flat lands/ very few trees, and is polish for “muddy ground”

Answer 4

gleization

Question 5

What pedogenic regime is brick-red, weathers rapidly, and is found in angola

Answer 5

laterization

Question 6

what water movement is associated with Hygroscopic actions

Answer 6

no direction, because the water “sticks” to itself

Question 7

what water movement-direction is associated with Capillary action

Answer 7

any

Question 8

what soil color has the most fertility

Answer 8

black/dark brown

Question 9

what soil color has the least fertility

Answer 9

grey/blue

Question 10

what soil forming processes are associated with the Geologic factor

Answer 10

Parent material

Question 11

what soil forming processes are associated with the topographic factor

Answer 11

slope

Question 12

what soil forming processes are associated with the temporal factor

Answer 12

Erosion

Question 13

what soil forming processes are associated with the climactic factor

Answer 13

temperature, moisture

Question 14

Dying, but still solid pieces of twigs, stalks, and leaves are known as what?

Answer 14

litter

Question 15

What is a soil classification that is found in Oklahoma?

Answer 15

Mollisols

Question 16

What is the lightest part of earth’s structure?

Answer 16

The crust

Question 17

What is the heaviest part of earth’s structure?

Answer 17

the mantle

Question 18

what is the approximate distance from the core to the center of the earth?

Answer 18

around 2200 miles

Question 19

what is the approximate distance from the crust to the center of the earth

Answer 19

4000 miles

Question 20

what is the approximate distance from the crust to the mantle

Answer 20

30 miles

Question 21

what is the approximate distance from the mantle to the core

Answer 21

1800 miles

Question 22

the rock cycle describes how varying ______ and _______ are applied to rocks will lead igneous rock becoming sediment

Answer 22

heat/pressure

Question 23

what is the transitional point between the crust and the upper mantle?

Answer 23

moho

Question 24

what portion of the mantle is the least rigid?

Answer 24

the aesthenosphere

Question 25

rock on the surface of the earth is a

Answer 25

outcrop

Question 26

solid rock below earth's surface is the

Answer 26

bedrock

Question 27

broken rock under earth's surface is the

Answer 27

regolith

Question 28

the Giant's causeway is made of

Answer 28

Basalt

Question 29

what rock is most commonly associated with natural gas/oil deposits?

Answer 29

sedimentary

Question 30

What part of earth's structure determines the magnetic field of the planet

Answer 30

The outer core

Question 31

what describes the buoyancy differences between the crust and the mantle

Answer 31

Isostasy

Question 32

Landforms are characterized by what 4 things?

Answer 32

Drainage, Process, structure, and slope

Question 33

the source of the fault motion associated with an earthquake is the

Answer 33

focus

Question 34

what region of the world has an ocean-continent convergence

Answer 34

Cascades (pacific northwest)

Question 35

ocean-ocean ?

Answer 35

Aleutiian Islands; Japan; Sumatra and Java

Question 36

Divergent?

Answer 36

Iceland and Mid-Atlantic ridge; rift valley

Question 37

Transform

Answer 37

Socal and san andreas fault

Question 38

What volcanic eruption shut down air traffic between NA and europe?

Answer 38

Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland

Question 39

What magma has a high viscosity and is more explosive?

Answer 39

Felsic

Question 40

What did Marie Tharp map

Answer 40

Mid-Atlantic ridge

Question 41

Seafloor spreading occurs along a

Answer 41

divergent boundary

Question 42

A moment-magnitude earthquake 8 is double the intensity of a mm of 4

Answer 42

false

Question 43

what type of magma has a low viscosity and is less explosive

Answer 43

mafic

Question 44

Ddfine a lava dome volcano

Answer 44

solidified lava plugging the top of the volcano, explosive eruption

Question 45

shield volcano

Answer 45

broad sloping mountain; fluid lava with relatively frequent eruptions

Question 46

define cinder cone

Answer 46

solidified lava plugging the top of the volcano; explosive eruptions

Question 47

mechanical weatering includes

Answer 47

exfoliation, salt wedging, frost wedging

Question 48

what chemical weathering process helps form gypsum, as seen as white sands nat'll park

Answer 48

hydration

Question 49

what describes algae and fingi that help biologically weather rocks

Answer 49

lichen

Question 50

what nat'l park has a rockfall

Answer 50

mount zion

Question 51

the rockfall at mount zion kwas triggered by which agent of weathering

Answer 51

temperature

Question 52

t/f: water lowers the angle of repose, making it easier for debris to move downslope

Answer 52

true

Question 53

what type of mass wasting is a lahar

Answer 53

volcanic mudflow

Question 54

what types of gaps in rokcs correspond with lava vesicles

Answer 54

holes in cooled lava where gas was trapped

Question 55

gaps- solution cavities

Answer 55

soluble materials are removed by percolating water

Question 56

joints

Answer 56

whatever tf is left over

Question 57

joints

Answer 57

stress fractures

Question 58

faults

Answer 58

forced displacements

Question 59

microscopic openings

Answer 59

pores, spaces, and minute fractures

Question 60

types of mass wasting associated w/ permafrost and tundra expansion and cpmtractopm

Answer 60

slump

Question 61

mass wasting is driven by what?

Answer 61

gravity