GIT 1 Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
Where does absorption of food primarily occurs?
A
Small intestine
2
Q
What are the parts of the small intestine?
A
Duodenum, Ileum, Jejunum
3
Q
Composition of Large Intestine
A
Cecum, Appendix, Colon, Rectum and Anal Canal
4
Q
Series of ring-like contraction waves that mixes the masticated food mass with gastric juices and empties these contents into the duodenum
A
Peristalsis
5
Q
How long and how will you describe the small intestine
A
Coiled; 5 to 6 m long tube
6
Q
Functions in water reabsorption and feces formation
A
Large Intestine
7
Q
What structure functions in digestion of food
A
stomach and duodenum
8
Q
Divisions of oral region
A
Oral cavity, teeth, gingivae, tongue, palate, and the region of the palatine tonsils
9
Q
Area where food is ingested and prepared for digestion
A
Oral region
10
Q
responsible for chewing of food
A
Teeth
11
Q
Facilitates formation of manageable food bolus
A
Saliva
12
Q
process of pushing the bolus from the oral cavity (voluntary phase) into the pharynx (involuntary phase)
A
Deglutition (Swallowing)
13
Q
Parts of oral cavity
A
Oral vestibule and oral cavity proper
14
Q
Slit-like space between teeth and gingivae (gums) and the lips and cheeks
A
Oral Vestibule
15
Q
Space between the upper and lower dental arches or archades (Maxillary and mandibular alveolar arches)
A
Oral Cavity Proper
16
Q
Opening of the mouth
A
Oral Fissure
17
Q
What controls the size of the Oral Fissure?
A
Peri-oral muscles
18
Q
SPhincter of oral fissure
A
Oricularis oris
19
Q
dilators of the fissure
A
Buccinator, risorius and depressor and elevators of the lips
20
Q
Roof of the oral cavity
A
Palate
21
Q
Mobile, muscular fibrous folds surrounding the mouth
A
Lips
22
Q
Function as the valves of the oral fissure, through the orbicularis oris (sphincter)
A
Lips
23
Q
Controls entry and exit from the mouth and upper digestive and respiratory tracts
A
Orbicularis oris (sphincter)
24
Q
Considered by itself to be the lip
A
Transitional Zone of the Lips
25
Free-edge folds of mucous membrane in the mid-line, extending from the vestiular gingiva to the mucosa of the upper and lower lips
Labial Frenula
26
Blood supply of lips
Upper lip: superior labial branches of the facial and infra-orbital arteries
Lower lip: inferior labial branches of the mental nerves (of CN V3) or mandibular nerve
27
Nodes in the upper lip and lateral part of the lower lip
Submandibular lymph nodes
28
Medial part of the lower lip
Submental lymph nodes
29
Movable walls of the oral cavity
Cheeks (Buccae)
30
Borders of the Buccal region
Anteriorly: Oral and mental regions (lips and chin)
Superiorly: Zygomatic region
Posteriorly: Parotid region
Inferiorly: inferior border of the mandible
31
Cheekbone
Zygomatic bone
32
Principal muscles of the cheeks
Buccinators
33
Blood supply of the cheeks
Buccal branches of the maxillary artery
34
Innervation of Cheeks
Buccal branches of the mandibular nerve
35
Composed of fibrous tissue covered with mucous membrane
Gingivae (Gums)
36
Describe the Gingiva proper of Gums (attached gingiva)
Normally, pink, stippled and keratinized
37
Describe the alveolar mucosa (unattached gingiva)
Shiny red and nonkeratinizing
38
Firmly attached to the alveolar part of the mandible and alveolar process of the maxilla and necks of the teeth (Gums)
Gingiva proper
39
Chief Functions of Teeth
- Incise or cut, reduce and mix food material with saliva during mastication or chewing
- Help sustain themselves in tooth sockets
- Participate in articulation (distinct connected speech)
40
How many deciduous or primary teeth?
20
41
How many permanent or secondary teeth?
32
42
Types of Teeth and their characteristics
Incisors - thin cutting edges
Canines - single prominent cones
Premolars - bicuspids (two cusps)
Molars -three or more cusps
43
Structure of teeth that projects from the gingiva
Crown
44
Structure of teeth between crown and root
Neck
45
Structure of tooth fixed in the tooth socket by the periodontium
Root
46
Compose most of the tooth
Dentine
47
Covers the crown of the tooth
Enamel
48
Covers the roots of the teeth
Cement
49
Contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves of the teeth
Pulp cavity
50
It transmits nerves and vessels to and from the pulp cavity through the apical foramen
Root canal
51
Opening at the tip of the roots
Apical foramen
52
Tooth sockets
Dental alveoli
53
What separates dental alveoli?
Interalveolar septa
54
Special type of fibrous joint that forms the springy suspension that connects the root of teeth to the bone
Dento-alveolar syndesmosis/gomphosis
55
COmposed of collagenous fibers that extend between the cement o the root and periosteum of the alveolus
Periodontium (periodontal membrane)
56
Forms the arched roof of the mouth and floor of the nasal cavities
PALATE
57
Palate anteriorly
Hard
58
Palate posteriorly
Soft
59
Vaulted (concave), mostly filled by the tongue when it is at rest
Hard palate
60
What forms the bony skeleton of the Palate
Palatine processes of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones
61
depression in the midline of the bony palate posterior to the central incisiors
Incisive fossa
62
Pass from the nose through the incisive canals and foramina
nasopalatine nerves
63
pierces lateral border of the bony plate, medial to the 3rd molar tooth
Greater palatine foramen
64
POsterior to the greater palatine foramen, pierce the pyramidal prcess oh the palatine bone
Lesser palatine foramen
65
Movable posterior third of the palate and is suspended from the posterior border of the hard palate
Sofft palate
66
Does soft palate have skeleton?
No bony skeleton, anterior part strengthened by palatine aponeurosis
67
Conical process which hangs in its curved free margin
Uvula
68
connects the soft plate with the tongue and the pharynx
Palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
69
space between the oral cavity and the pharynx
Fauces (L. throat)
70
Boundaries of the fauces
Superiorly: soft palate
Inferiorly: Root of the tongue
Laterally : Pilars of the fauces, palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
71
shot, considered space that establishes the connection between the oral cavity and the oropharynx
Isthmus of the faces
72
Masses of lymphoid tissue, one on each side of the pharynx
Fauces
73
Where does palatine tonsils lie?
Lie within the tonsillar sinus or fossa
74
several WBCs causing tonsilitis are found where>
Palatine tonsils
75
Gingiva covering the lingual surface of the teeth and alveolar process is continuous with mucosa o the palate
Superior lingual gingiva
76
Elevation of mucosa anterior to the underling incisive fossa and posterior to the maxillary incisor teeth
Incisive papilla
77
Parallel folds that radiate laterally from the incisive papilla
Transverse Palatine Folds/Rugae
78
Assist with manipulation of food during mastication
Transcerse palatine Folds/ Rugae
79
Opening of the ducts give the palatine mucosa a what appearance
pitted (orange-peel ) appearance
80
Anesthetic injection into the gingiva of the tooth anesthetizes what
Adjacent palatal mucosa
81
Narrow whitish streak in the midline of the palate
Palatine Raphe
82
Site of fusion of the embryonic palatal processes (palatal shelves)
Palatine Raphe
83
Muscles responsible for closing the isthmus of the pharynx allowing one to breath through the nose
Levator veli palatini
84
Muscle responsible for closing the isthmus of the fauces. Expired air passes through the nose
Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus
85
elevation of the soft palate in contact with the pharynx posterior wall (muscle)
levator veli palatini
86
depressing the soft palate in contact with the posterior tongue (muscle)
Palatoglossus and palatopharynngeus
87
Tensing the soft palate (muslce)
Tensor Veli palatini, palatopharyngeus
88
responsible for compressing masticated food or propels food into the pharynx for swallowing
tensor veli palatini, palatopharyngeus
89
Mobile muscular organ covered with mucous membrane
Tongue
90
What are the functions of the tongue?
Articulation (forming words during speaking)
- Squeezing food into the oropharynx as part of deglutition (swallowing)
- Mastication
- Taste
- Oral Cleansing
91
Parts of the tongue
Root - attached posterior portion
Body - anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
Apex - anterior end of the body, rests against the incisor teeth
92
Surfaces of the tongue
Dorsum and Inferior surface
93
surface of the tongue which is more extensive, superior and posterior
Dorsum
94
V-shaped groove, angle points to the foramen cecum
Terminal sulcus of the tongue
95
Surface of tongue that rests against the floor of the mouth
Inferior surface
96
Midline fold that connects the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Frenulum
97
Lingual papillae that is large and flat-topped, lie directly anterior to the terminal sulcus
Vallate papillae
98
Lingual papillae arranged in a V-shaped row, surrounded by deep circular trenches studded with taste buds
Vallate papillae
99
Lingual papillae containing ducts of serous glands of the tongue
Vallate papillae
100
Lingual papillae containing small lateral folds of lingual mucosa
Foliate papillae
101
Lingual papillae that is long and numerous, containing afferent nerve endings which is sensitive to touch
Filiform papillae
102
Pinkish-gray, scaly, conical projections arranged in V-shaped rows that are parallel to the terminal sulcus (papillae)
Filiform papillae
103
Lingual papillae with no taste buds
Filiform papillae
104
Lingual papillae with mushroom-shaped pink or red spots scatterred among the fliliform papillae
Fungiform papillae
105
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue that alter the position of the tongue
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
106
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue that alter its shape
Inferior longitudinal
Superior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
107
All muscles of the tongue, except palatoglossus, receive motor innervation from the
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
108
Muscle Supplied by the pharyngeal plexus
Palatoglossus
109
Anterior 2/3 Innervation for general sensation (touch and temperature)
Lingual Nerve (CN V3)
110
Posterior 1/3 Innervation for general sensation (touch and temperature)
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
111
Anterior 2/3 Innervation for taste
Chorda tympani nerve (CN VII)
112
Posterior 1/3 Innervation for taste
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
113
Lingual artery at the root of the tongue
Dorsal lingual arteries
114
Lingual artery at the body of the tongue
Deep lingual arteries
115
Communicate with each other near the apex of the tongue
Deep lingual arteries
116
Branch of the external carotid artery that passes deep to the hyoglossus muscle
lingual artery
117
Veins of the tongue
```
Dorsal lingual veins
Deep lingual veins
Sublingual veins
Lingual vein
*all drain to the Internal Jugular vein
```
118
Clear, tasteless, ordorless viscid fluid
Saliva
119
Functions of the saliva
Keeps mucous membrane of the mouth moist
Lubricates food during mastication
Begins digestion of starches
serves as an instrinsic "mouthwash"
Plays significant roles on the prevention of tooth decay and in the ability to taste
120
tough, unyielding, fascial capsule that encloses the parotid gland
parotid sheath
