Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Path 2 Block 1 > GIT 2 > Flashcards

GIT 2 Flashcards

1
Q

isotonic with plasma and persists during fasting
increase cAMP activity internal factor
vibrio cholera, carcinoid syndrome

A

secretory diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sugars absorb water
external factor
stopped with fasting

A

osmotic diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

purulent, bloody stools that persist on fasting

A

exudative diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

voluminous
bulk stools with increase osmolarity combines with excess stool fat
oil O red and Sudan black

A

Malabsorption

best initial test to confirm malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q 
HLA DQ2 and HLA DQ8
anti gliaden
IgA
transglutaminase
anti endomysial
A

celiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

atrophy of villi of small intestine decrease surface area

increase number of intra epithelial lymphocytes

A

celiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q 
diarrhea 
flatulence 
weight loss
fatigue 
skin rash 
vit def

tx: decrease gluten and villi will regenerate

A

celiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

complications of celiac

A

dermatitis herpitiformis - papillary dermis id effected
IgA nephropathy - hematuria and proteinuria
NHL - due to CD4/ B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

biopsy location for celiac

A

jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

abnormal DX test

no DX in urine or blood

A

intestinal dz or surgery of intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

normal DX test

will see DX in blood and urine

A

pancreatic dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

tropheryma whillpelli - rod shaped bacilli

causes fatty diarrhea

A

whipples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

micro: foamy macrophages located in lamina propria contain PAS +
diastase resistent

A

whipples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
fever
steatorrhea - macrohages compress lacteals (malabsorption)
joint pain
swollen lymph nodes 
psych problems
A

whipples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cell steps in celiac

A

CD4 + –> produce IL and B cells –> IL prd T helper cells; B cells prod Ig (gluten/gliaden) –> Ig attack gluten in intestine and also villi of intestine

antibodies prod in peyers patches and become bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

atrophy of apical villous cell - enterocytes at the tip have lactose
infants develop explosive, watery, frothy, stools and abdominal distention
tx: stop dairy - villi regenerate
screening test: acidic stool; increase stool osmolarity

A

lactose def

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

cell death in lactose def

A

apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

AR
1st year of life
impaired formation of apoB
fat stays in enterocytes

A

A beta lipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

low plasma TAGS and cholesterol levels
chylomicrons, VLDLs and apoB are entirely absent from blood

features: acanthocytes, progressive ataxia, rhinitis pigments (vit E)

A

A beta lipoproteinemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hematopoietic system - malabsorption

A

anemia from iron, pyridoxine, folate and vit b12 and bleeding from vit K def

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Musculoskeletal system - malabsorption

A

osteopenia - fracture lining
tetany from hypocalcemia
tetany from hypomagnesium
vit D def

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

endocrine system - malabsorption

A

enlarged parathyroid enlargement

decrease vit D –> decrease reabsorption of Ca –> causing increase parathyroid hormone = secondary hyperparathyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
night blindness 
xerophthalmia 
blindness
squamous metaplasia
infection
A

vit A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

bleeding 2, 7, 9, 10

A

vit K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

rickets in children

osteomalacia in adults

A

vit D

26
Q 
prevents fatty acid from oxidation 
spinocerebellar retinal degeneration 
neuromusclular dz 
hemolytic anemia 
decrease cell membrane (increase ROS) causing hemolysis of RBCs
A

vit E

27
Q

Protozoa causing exudate diarrhea

A

Entamoeba histolytica

28
Q

diarrhea after few days: affects peter patches - lymphocytes in stool

A

salmonella typhi

29
Q

dsRNA
child self limiting
only GIT

A

rotavirus

30
Q

ds DNA
adult and child
GIT and rest of body - conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

31
Q

diagnostic test for both detection of antigen in stool

A

PCR and ELISA

32
Q

undercooked beef
O157 H7
shiga toxin inhibit 60s ribosomal unit inhibit protein synthesis and cell death

A

E coli

33
Q

hemorrhage colitis
HUS
acute renal failure
bloody diarrhea 2-5 days after meal

A

e coli

34
Q

milk or mayo
1-6 hrs
exudate stool increase WBC

A

S aureus

35
Q

watery diarrhea
normal mucosa
doesn’t cause tissue damage - non necrotic
acidosis
increase cAMP in stool
Gs intracellular –> + transcription factor –> increase mucin and decrease bicarb

A

vibrio cholera

36
Q

lymphocytes in stool

12-72 hrs after meal

A

salmonella enteritidis

37
Q

provokes autoimmune reaction

binds to the micro fold (M cells) at peyers patches

A

shigella

38
Q

reiter syndrome in S flexneri (shigella)

A

HLA HB 27
red eye conjunctivitis
chronic arthritis
can’t poop

39
Q

caused by antibiotic use or PPI for H pylori
fever pain, bloody diarrhea
pseudomembrane formation over mucosa

A

C dif

40
Q

pus sticking to mucosa
yellow exudate
tissue damage - necrotic
inhibits actin maintenance (toxin B and A) - release cytokines

A

pseudomembranous colitis

41
Q

curved rod shaped
non spore forming
gram neg microaerophilic bacteria

A

campylobacter enterocolitis

42
Q 
reactive arthritis HLA B27
GBS - myelin loss (d/d MS tingling & eye problem and B12 def degeneration)
Schwann cells affected
maltoma 
tingling after diarrhea
A

campylobacter enterocolitis

43
Q

prod flask shaped undermined ulcer in submucosa
bloody exudative diarrhea
amebic liver abscess - RUQ
amoeba engulfs RBCs - erythrophagocytosis
portal vein thrombosis ( normal liver and lung abscess - anchovy paste)

A

entamoeba histolytica

44
Q

giardia causes

A

steatorrhea

45
Q

donor CD8 cell by extrinsic apoptosis (shrunken cell with halo) (mech Fas/FasL or granzyme)
15 days after BM transplant
severe watery/ bloody diarrhea

A

graft vs host

46
Q

presents chronic but can acute
occurs at any part of GIT
transmural inflammation
non caseating granuloma - TH1 cells

A

crohns

47
Q

skip lesions

MC at ileocecal junction aka regional ileitis

A

crohns

48
Q

RLQ pain because transmural inflammation +/- blood

A

crohns

49
Q

rubbery thick wall - string sign
linear ulceration
creeping fat

A

crohns

50
Q

crohns complications

A 
fistula - fecal matter can be found in urine, vagina or skin 
adenocarcinoma - rare
migratory poly arthritis 
aphthous ulcers
uveitis 
erythrema nodosum
decrease bile salts
51
Q

Dx test for uveitis

A

slit lamp test

52
Q

Dx test for crohns

A

pANCA

anti saccaromyces cerevisiae (ASCA)

53
Q

tx for crohns

A

surgery at ileocecal junction

54
Q

presents at acute and very painful
limited to colon
affects mucosa and submucosa

A

UC

55
Q

inhibition of MMP9

A

UC

56
Q

loss of haustra and ulcer extensive
continuous lesions
bloody diarrhea with stingy, mucoid material
LLQ pain

A

UC

57
Q

back wash ileitis
pseudopolyps
lumen wide
normal mucosa with no dedicated blood supply

A

UC

58
Q

crypt abscess filled with neutrophils
dysplasia
glandular architecture distortion

A

UC

59
Q

complications of UC

A

migratory poly arthritis HLA B27
hepatic primary sclerosis cholangitis - pANCA - jaundice
toxic megacolon - gangrene
adenocarcinoma

60
Q

adenocarcinoma in UC

A

left colon
after 10 years
early Tp53 mutation

61
Q 
excess serotonin 
very stressed 
abdominal pain
bloating relieved by defecation 
change in bowel habit
solid pellet like stool
A

IBS

Path 2 Block 1 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions