GIT

Question 1

mucosa

Answer 1

stratified squamous or simple columnar

Question 2

hard palate

Answer 2

ketatinized mucous epithelium

Question 3

soft palate

Answer 3

non keratinized mucous epithelium

Question 4

toungue

Answer 4

striated muscle covered by non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and lamina propria.

Question 5

taste buds have 3 cell types

Answer 5

gustatory(taste cells),sustentacular(support)cells and basal cells(stem cells)

Question 6

papillae

Answer 6

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 7

esophagus

Answer 7

lined by stratified squamous epithelium non keratinized

Question 8

specialization of esophagus tissues

Answer 8

esophageal glands proper-tubuloacinar mucus secreting glands esophageal cardiac glands-small branched mucussecreting glands

Question 9

gastroesophageal junction

Answer 9

transition from stratified squamous to glandular secretory mucosa.

Question 10

simple columnar epithelium of stomach facing the lumen is modified so that

Answer 10

all cells secret mucus ,forming a sheet gland that protects the stomach from its acidic environment.

Question 11

gastric glands have

Answer 11

isthmus,neck and base

Question 12

stomach cells

Answer 12

mucous cells-secrete mucous to protect epithelial cells from enzymes&acid. parietal cells-secrete HCL for protein digestion and intrinsic factor for B12 absorption. chief cells-secrete pepsinogen. G-cells-secret gastrin

Question 13

muscularis externa

Answer 13

made of 3 muscular layers;internal oblique layer,middle circular layer and outer longitudinal layer that is separated from circular layer by Auerbach’s plexus

Question 14

mucosal epithelium of S.I composed of

Answer 14

1.absorptive cells-form simple columnar epithelium . 2.goblet cells intestinal glands have;paneth cells-contents digest bacterial cell walls and enteroendocrine cells

Question 15

variations specific to intestinal subdivisions

Answer 15

1.brunner’s glands-present in duodenum.;secret an alkaline mucus to neutralize acidity of stomach contents. 2.peyer’s patches-clusters of lymphoid nodules located in the ileum.

Question 16

colon

Answer 16

absorptive cells goblet cells increase in number toward the rectum and provide lubrication. reduced number of enteroendocrine cells. intestinal glands are straight and there are no villi or plicar circulares.

Question 17

pancrease

Answer 17

exocrine and endocrine

Question 18

exocrine pancrease

Answer 18

compound acinar gland.aciner cells secret enzymes that breakdown proteins,carbs,lipids

Question 19

ducts

Answer 19

intercalated ducts-lined with simple cuboidal epithelium centroacinar cells -secret bicarbonates to neutralize acidity of stomach. interlobular ducts-lead into one or more excretory ducts that empty into duodenum.

Question 20

endocrine

Answer 20

islets of langerhans;alpha cells-glucagon,beta cells -insulin,D cells-somatostatin

Question 21

Liver

Answer 21

organized into lobules that take the shape of polygonal prisms. Each lobule is hexagonal and is centered on central vein Within each lobule hapatocytes are arranged into hepatic cords separated by sinusoids.

Question 22

liver lobules also called

Answer 22

liver acini

Question 23

liver lobule vs liver acinus

Answer 23

lobule-encompasses liver tissue that is served by a branch of hepatic vein (central vein(. acinus-encompasses liver tissue that is served by terminal branch of the hepatic artery.

Question 24

hepatic cord

Answer 24

consinst of hepatocytes

Question 25

space of disse

Answer 25

space between the fenestrated endothelium and hepatic cords. It contains a network of reticular fibres (collagen type3) which hold the hepatocytes together.

Question 26

the interstitial fluid of the space of disse is blood plasma because

Answer 26

fenestrations of the endothelium permit free movement of blood plasma

Question 27

bile canaliculi

Answer 27

formed by apical surfaces of adjacent hepatocytes .

Question 28

steallate Ito cells

Answer 28

located at intervals within the space of disse ,store fat and viatmin A