GIT Histology Flashcards
Understand the entire make up of the GIT on a histological and physiological level (30 cards)
What is the meeting point of the esophagus and the stomach called?
Gasroesophageal junction
What determines the regions of the stomach and what are these regions?
The regions are based on the different type of glands
1) Cardia glands
2)Proper gastric. glands (or fundic glands)
3) Pyloric glands
What is the name of the cell that occupies the neck of the fundic glands and what type of cell is it?
Mucous Neck Cells- typical mucous cell
What type of cell secretes HCl?
Parietal cell
What type of cell secretes pepsinogen?
Chief cell
What type of cell secretes gastrointestinal hormones?
Endocrine cell
What is the name for invaginations of the surface epithelium?
Gastric pits.
What cell type is the surface layer and pits to the tunica mucosa?
Simple columnar epithelium
Explain the difference on a histological level between a mono-gastric stomach and ruminants (explain the each compartment for the ruminant)
The mono-gastric stomach is glandular the ruminant stomach is made up of 4 compartments.
Rumen- None-glandular
Reticulum - None-glandular
Omasum - None-glandular
Abomasum- Glandular
What is the function of the glandular stomach?
Store food and initiate digestion
What are the 3 regions of the glandular stomach from beginning to end?
Cardia
Fundus + body
Pylorus
What are the 3 modifications in the small intestine to help increase the surface area?
Circular folds
Villi
Microvilli
What type of epithelium is present in the small intestine?
Simple columnar epithelium
What are the 2 main cell types in the sm intestine and there functions?
Enterocytes- Secretion and absorption
Goblet cells- sSecretion of mucin
What do goblet cells secrete?
Mucinogen and bioactive molecules
What is the role of intestinal crypts?
Renews the epithelium in the git
Involved with secretion
What is the lamina propria?
- What makes it up
-Where is it located
Loose connective tissue with lymphatic capillary in the center of the villus and surrounds intestinal glands. Is directly below the epithelium.
What cells make up the intestinal crypts and what do they produce?
Enteroendocrine cells - gastrin, somatostatin, and serotonin
Paneth cells (only in horses)- produce antimicrobial substances
What is the tela submucosa?
Loose connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and meissner’s plexus
What type of gland is present in the tela submucosa in the duodenum and what are they for?
Bunners glands- protection
What are peyers patches and what is there function and where are they located?
Lymphatic nodules- protect from infection- located in ileum
What are the parts of the the tunica muscularis and there functions?
Inner circular layer- segmental movement
Outer longitudinal layer- for peristalsis
List 4 differences between the histological make up of the small and large intestine?
Small intestine: digestive and absorption ( surface area–> circular folds, villi, microvilli, and crypts)
Large intestine: Absorption and microbial breakdown (surface area–> microvilli, crypts, and longitudinal mucosal folds)
What are teniae coli and where are they located?
Musculoelastic bands in the muscular layer of tunica muscularis containing elastic fibers and smooth muscle
