glacial landforms

Question 1

what landforms are found in upper glacial valleys and mountain tops

Answer 1

corries
pyramidal peaks
aretes

Question 2

what landforms are found in lower glacial valleys

Answer 2

glacial troughs
ribbon lakes
truncated spurs
hanging valley

Question 3

what landform is found in the lower valley

Answer 3

roche moutonnees

Question 4

what is a corrie

Answer 4

arm chair shaped hollow with a steep back wall. often contains a small lake called a tarn

Question 5

where do corries normally form , facing which way

Answer 5

corries often face north because in the uk cold winds and the least sun comes from the north. north facing has more accumulation and less ablation

Question 6

what process help corries form

Answer 6

niviation - early stages

frost-shattering
plucking
freeze thaw process

Question 7

what is on the back wall of the corrie

Answer 7

scree

Question 8

what process causes rocks to shatter and produce scree on the steep back wall

Answer 8

freeze thawing

Question 9

what is formed by 2 corries

Answer 9

an arete

Question 10

how is a arete formed

Answer 10

2 glaciers travel in parallel valleys which sharpens the mountain ridge between them

Question 11

how is a pyramidal peak formed

Answer 11

a peak with at least 3 side
when 3 or more corries form back to back

Question 12

what are the characteristics of a glacial troughs

Answer 12

steep sided valleys
several hundred metres in depth
may contain ribbon lakes
tend to be straight
Erosion landform

Question 13

what is a ribbon lake

Answer 13

deep narrow lake

caused by enhanced erosion caused by weaker bedrock which allows for increase vertical erosion

Question 14

what is a truncated spur

Answer 14

formed when ridges of land stick out into the main valley are chopped off as the glacier moves past it

Question 15

what is a hanging valley

Answer 15

formed by smaller glaciers (Tributary glaciers ) they erode the valley much less deeply because they aren’t as big as the main glacier . when the ice melts the smaller valley will be left hanging

Erosional landform

Question 16

what are the 8 erosional landscapes

Answer 16

arete
pyramidal peak
corrie
ribbon lake
glacial troughs
truncated spurs
hanging valley
roche moutonnée

Question 17

what is a rouche moutonnee

Answer 17

small rock feature determining the direction of past glacial flow within a valley

Question 18

how have Roche moutonnees been shaped

Answer 18

by abrasion, plucking , basal sliding

jagged end - plucking
ice slides over the obstacle due to pressure melting point and melts

abrasion - steep polished end. smoothed by abrasion as the glacier went over it

Question 19

what are striations

Answer 19

on the surface of Roche moutonnees

they are scratch marks left by abrasion as ice moved over the bedrock

the marks are made by the rock the glacier carries

Question 20

what is till

Answer 20

unsorted material deposited directly by the ice

Question 21

what are the characteristics of till

Answer 21

the stuff the glacier leaves behind

unsorted boulders, stones and clay

Question 22

what are the characteristics of erratics

Answer 22

rocks that have been picked up and transported by glacial ice and deposited in a area with different geology

debris is out of place compared to its surroundings

Question 23

what is a moraine

Answer 23

name given to particular forms of till

Question 24

what are the types of moraines

Answer 24

lateral - deposited where the sides of the glacier were

medial - deposited in the centre of the valley - where 2 lateral moraines join together in the middle

terminal - build up at the end of the glacier

Question 25

what is a till plain

Answer 25

large expanse of till formed when a ice sheet melts where it is

Question 26

what are drumlins

Answer 26

drumlins are smooth elongated mounds of till half egg shaped hills up to 100m long and 100m high drumlins often form in groups / swarms the pointier end points the direction of the ice flow

Question 27

what are the fluvioglacial landforms

Answer 27

eskers kames outwash plains kettle holes

Question 28

what plays a important role in forming eskers and kames

Answer 28

meltwater

Question 29

what is a esker

Answer 29

fluvioglacial landform long ridges on sand and gravel which run the same direction as a glacier they are deposited by meltwater streams flowing in tunnels under the glacier when the glacier retreats and the streams dry up esker is left

Question 30

what are kame mounds

Answer 30

mounds of sand and gravel found on the valley floor meltwater streams onto of glaciers collect debris in crevasses debris is dropped to valley floor when the glacier melts

Question 31

what are kame terraces

Answer 31

mounds of deposits left against the valley wall by meltwater that runs between the glacier and valley sides martial is sorted into layers meltwater deposits the heaviest loads first. kame terraces have gravel at the bottom with sand and finer sediments at the top

Question 32

kame deltas

Answer 32

found in the front of glaciers the flow from the meltwater stream gets damned by moraines when the meltwater flows into the lake it deposits its sediments on the ice these deposits are deltas when ice melts the deltas drop to the valley floor forming kame deltas

Question 33

kettle holes

Question 34

fluvioglacial process and landforms

Answer 34

Meltwater streams erode the land Out wash plains Eskers Kames - mounds, terrace , deltas

Question 35

what is a meltwater channel

Question 36

what is permafrost

Answer 36

permanently frozen ground soil tempter must remain below 0 for two years or more

Question 37

characteristics of continuous permafrost

Answer 37

found in the coldest regions

Question 38

discontinuous permafrost

Answer 38

occurs in regions which are slightly Warmer 20-20 m

Question 39

sporadic permafrost

Answer 39

mean annual temps around freezing

Question 40

blockfields

Answer 40

periglacial landform thy are expanses of loose rock formed by repeated cycles of freezing and thawing frost chattered bedrock

Question 41

terracettes

Answer 41

periglacial landform formed by solifluction lobes

Question 42

how are drumlins formed

Answer 42

debate about how drumlins are formed one view : result from from the ice becomes overloaded with debris the ice reduces the capacity to carry material and deposition occurs at the base of the ice the material is shaped by glacier advance