periglacial

Question 1

ice wedges

Answer 1

when temperatures drop very low in the winter the ground contracts and cracks form

in the summer the cracks fill up with water

the ground is still frozen- permafrost so the water freezes - these are the ice wedges

the ice wedges can crack following years allowing more water to seep in making the ice wedge bigger and bigger each year

Question 2

patterned ground

Answer 2

when water under the ground freezes and expands causing rocks to roll down the edges of the mounds - making circular shapes on the ground

frost contraction causes the ground to crack in polygon shapes
the cracks fill with stones causing polygon shapes on the surface

Question 3

pingos

Answer 3

hill with ice at its core
up to height - 50m high and 500m wide

open systems - discontinuous permafrost

closed systems - continuous permafrost

Question 4

thermokarst

Answer 4

when the ice in the ground melts causing the ground to collapse and holes to form

these holes fill with water and become marshy landscape

Question 5

blockfields

Answer 5

expanses of loose rock

formed by frost shattering of the bedrock layer due to repeated freezing and thawing

Question 6

terracettes

Answer 6

when vegetation interrupts soil moving down a slope due to frost creep pr another mass movement process

leads to step like terraces

Question 7

What process forms patterned ground

Answer 7

Frost heave

Question 8

What process forms terraces

Answer 8

Solifluction

Question 9

What process forms ice wedges

Answer 9

Frost contraction

Question 10

What process forms thermokarst

Answer 10

Ice melting

Question 11

What are the periglacial landforms

Answer 11

Ice wedges
Pingos
Thermokarst
Terracettes
Blockfields

Question 12

what are solifluction lobes

Answer 12

active soil rolling down steep gradients

Question 13

how is a closed system pingo formed

Answer 13

continuous permafrost

lake on surface insulates the ground so it remains unfrozen

lake dries up

permafrost surrounds unfrozen ground

water accumulates in the unfrozen ground

the water eventually freezes, expands and causes the ground to rise up

pingos can be 50m high and 500 m wide

Question 14

how does a open system pingo form

Answer 14

discontinuous permafrost

formed when ground water rises through the cracks in the permafrost

accumulates and freezes causing the ground to rise from expansion