glaciers Flashcards
(15 cards)
What’s a pyramidal peak?
when three corries form on all sides of the mountains and erosion leads to a single sharp peak
What is a glacier trough?
where a glacier used to be which formed a V shaped valley which was then vertically and lateral the eroded with plucking and abrasion forming a flat wide U-shaped valley with steep sides
What’s a ribbon Lake?
a long thin lake that form where glacier retreated in hollows where soft rock was eroded more
what was an arête
A sharp ridge which formed between two corries on the sides of the mountains which got sharper as more erosion and freeze the weathering took place
corrie formation
Large amounts of snow collect in a hollow in the mountainside.
Snow is compressed and air is squeezed out, forming glacier ice.
Over time, gravity moves glacier downhill by rotational slip.
Freeze-thaw weathering and plucking loosens and removes material from the back, producing a steep back wall. Abrasion at the base deepens the corrie, forming rock basin.
At the front, erosion is less powerful, so moraine is deposited and builds up, forming a rock-lip that acts as a natural dam (tarn sometimes forms).
what were truncated spurs
interlocking Spurs that had been cut off leaving cliff like edges along the glacial trough Valley
what was a hanging valley
as tributary glaciers eroded less, it caused shallow valleys leaving them to be hanging above the main valley after ice melted
if a river run through it would become a waterfall
what were erratics
Large boulders transported and deposited by glaciers in areas with a different rock type.
what are drumlins and how are they formed
Formed underneath the glacier.
ice melted at the base caused material to be deposited as ground moraine (as there is too much).
Further ice movements sculpt the drumlin into smooth ‘egg-shaped’ hills with layers of glacial till and rock.
around 10-20m in height and are often found in clusters.
terminal morraine
Marks the maximum extent of the glacier.
Lots of material builds up at the snout
lateral morraine
Moraine along the edge of the u shaped valley due to freeze-thaw weathering of rock debris on the valley sides and accumulating when they fall.
Material forms a line of unsorted rock debris against the valley sides when ice melts.
medial morraine
When 2 glaciers meet, the lateral moraines merge and extend down the middle
Material forms a ridge of unsorted rock debris down the middle of the valley when ice melts.
ground morraine
Material transported underneath the glacier and deposited when the ice melts.
Forms an uneven hilly surface.
Economic opportunities in glaciated Upland areas and describe
tourism - the landscape will attract more people, activities like walking, services create jobs
Forestry - trees can be felled for timber - paper, create jobs
quarrying - materials like stone can be mind for road building, limestone for fertiliers and chemical industry, lots of jobs
farming - thin acidic soils which are perfect for sheep grazing and the flat land can be accessed by machinery to grow crops like potatoes for animals
land use conflicts 3 extended examples
Tourism vs Farming:
Vehicles (Congestion, noise/air pollution).
Tourists (Littering, footpath erosion, may leave gates open).
Damages fragile environment and harms wildlife.
Forestry vs Tourism/Farming:
Heavy trucks (Congestion, noise/air pollution, scare away wildlife).
destroys landscape - unattractive
Cutting down forest means rain can’t be intercepted.
Machines compact the soil so water cannot infiltrate, resulting in flooding.
Quarrying:
Visually spoils the landscape.
Pollution of land and rivers, habitats can be destroyed.
Noise and dust pollution along with heavy traffic.
