Glands and Membranes (Ch. 5)

Question 1

The functions of body membranes

Answer 1

1. Line or cover body surfaces
2. Protect body surfaces
3. Lubricate body surfaces

Question 2

• Made of of simple squamous epithelium and a thin layer of areolar tissue
• Line cavities that do NOT open to the exterior
• Do NOT contain glands
• Produce fluid to reduce friction

Answer 2

Serous membranes

Question 3

• Made up of epithelial cells and a thick layer of areolar tissue
• Line cavities that open to the exterior (e.g. nasal cavity)
• May contain cells that produce a sticky, viscous fluid

Answer 3

Mucous membranes

Question 4

• Poke out of the top of cells such as the columnar epithelial cells in the nose and create a “wave” motion to move mucous along
• Pushes debris and pollution caught in mucous towards the outside of the body to get rid of it

Answer 4

Cilia

Question 5

• Made up of modified connective tissue
• Line freely moving joints (e.g. knee)
• Secrete a rich slippery fluid

Answer 5

Synovial membranes

Question 6

• Secretory organs
• Made up of epithelial tissue supported by different types of connective tissue
• May be either endocrine or exocrine

Answer 6

Glands

Question 7

• Types of glands that secrete their products directly into the blood stream (“ductless”)
• Not connected to the epithelium
• E.g. testes or pituitary glands

Answer 7

Endocrine glands

Question 8

• Glands that remain in open contact with the epithelium
• Have their own “ducts”

Answer 8

Exocrine glands

Question 9

Made up of a single cell

Answer 9

Unicellular

Question 10

Made up of many cells

Answer 10

Multicellular

Question 11

Ducts with no branches or few branches

Answer 11

Simple ducts

Question 12

Ducts with many branches

Answer 12

Compound ducts

Question 13

Classification for the secretory portion of a duct that is the same width throughout

Answer 13

Tubules (tubular)

Question 14

Classification for the secretory portion of a duct that is made up of a bulbous cluster of cells, yet the hollow area is no wider than that of a tubule

Answer 14

Acini (acinar)

Question 15

Classification for the secretory portion of a duct made up of a rounded cluster of cells surrounding a hollow bulb

Answer 15

Alveoli (alveolar)

Question 16

• Glands that produce vesicles containing product to be actively transported out of the cell
• No cellular material is lost with the secretion
• E.g. sweat glands

Answer 16

Merocrine glands

Question 17

• Glands that store up a product until they have a “full batch”
• Pinch off a small chunk of the cell containing the secretion to release it
• E.g. mammary glands

Answer 17

Apocrine glands

Question 18

• Glands that secrete an entire dead cell along with their product
• The secretory cell dies, and pieces of the dead cell become a part of the secretion
• E.g. sebaceous glands (greasy hair glands)

Answer 18

Holocrine glands