Global

Question 1

What are the primary goals of canopy management?

Answer 1

Optimize light exposure, reduce disease risk, manage yield and ripening.

Question 2

How does vine water status affect grape quality?

Answer 2

Moderate stress can enhance concentration; excess or deficit can hinder ripening.

Question 3

What are the pros and cons of mechanical harvesting?

Answer 3

Pros: speed, cost. Cons: damage, selectivity issues.

Question 4

How does vine density impact vineyard management?

Answer 4

Higher density increases competition; affects vigor, yield, and quality.

Question 5

What are the differences between organic, biodynamic, and sustainable viticulture?

Answer 5

Organic: no synthetic inputs. Biodynamic: holistic, spiritual. Sustainable: broader environmental and social focus.

Question 6

What are key considerations in site selection for a vineyard?

Answer 6

Climate, soil, topography, water access, market proximity.

Question 7

How does altitude affect grape growing?

Answer 7

Increases diurnal range, preserves acidity, delays ripening.

Question 8

What are the benefits of dry farming?

Answer 8

Lower yields, concentrated fruit, environmental benefits.

Question 9

How do viruses affect grapevine health?

Answer 9

Reduce yield and quality; examples: leafroll, fanleaf virus.

Question 10

What is the role of plant material selection in vineyard establishment?

Answer 10

Affects disease resistance, yield potential, and wine style.

Question 11

What is cold soak and what are its effects?

Answer 11

Pre-fermentation maceration to extract color and aroma precursors.

Question 12

How does thermovinification affect wine?

Answer 12

Rapid color extraction but can reduce aromatic complexity.

Question 13

What are the pros and cons of whole bunch fermentation?

Answer 13

Adds complexity and structure but can increase greenness or volatility.

Question 14

What is reverse osmosis used for in winemaking?

Answer 14

Alcohol reduction, VA reduction, concentration of must.

Question 15

How does oak influence wine?

Answer 15

Contributes aroma, structure, micro-oxygenation.

Question 16

What are key factors in fermentation temperature management?

Answer 16

Prevents stuck fermentation, influences aroma, yeast health.

Question 17

What are lees and what role do they play?

Answer 17

Dead yeast and solids that can add texture and complexity when stirred.

Question 18

What is the role of enzymes in winemaking?

Answer 18

Aid in clarification, aroma release, color extraction.

Question 19

How can acid be adjusted in winemaking?

Answer 19

Via tartaric acid addition or deacidification methods.

Question 20

What is the difference between inoculated and spontaneous fermentation?

Answer 20

Inoculated: consistent, reliable. Spontaneous: complex but unpredictable.

Question 21

What is sterile filtration and when is it used?

Answer 21

Removes microorganisms before bottling to ensure stability.

Question 22

What is cold stabilization?

Answer 22

Used to prevent tartrate crystals by holding wine at low temperature.

Question 23

What causes protein haze and how is it prevented?

Answer 23

Unstable proteins precipitate; prevented via bentonite fining.

Question 24

What types of closures are commonly used?

Answer 24

Natural cork, technical cork, synthetic, screwcap, glass.

Question 25

What is micro-oxygenation?

Answer 25

Controlled oxygen addition to stabilize color and soften tannins.

Question 26

What is reduction in wine?

Answer 26

Sulfurous, off aromas caused by oxygen deficiency.

Question 27

What is oxidation and how is it prevented?

Answer 27

Loss of freshness and browning due to oxygen; prevented by SO₂ and inert gas.

Question 28

What is Brettanomyces and how is it controlled?

Answer 28

Spoilage yeast causing off-aromas; controlled by hygiene, SO₂, filtration.

Question 29

What is meant by bottle variation?

Answer 29

Differences between bottles due to filling variation, closure, oxygen exposure.

Question 30

What is the purpose of inert gas in winemaking?

Answer 30

Protects wine from oxygen during transfer and storage.

Question 31

What are the key channels for wine distribution?

Answer 31

On-trade, off-trade, direct-to-consumer, online, wholesale.

Question 32

What is the role of appellation systems in wine marketing?

Answer 32

Provide origin guarantee and reputation, but can restrict innovation.

Question 33

What is vertical integration in the wine industry?

Answer 33

When a company controls multiple stages of production and distribution.

Question 34

What is bulk wine and what are its commercial advantages?

Answer 34

Wine shipped in volume; lowers cost, increases flexibility.

Question 35

What are the implications of global supply chain disruptions?

Answer 35

Affect logistics, costs, inventory, delivery times.

Question 36

How do tariffs affect the wine trade?

Answer 36

Increase costs, reduce competitiveness, impact market access.

Question 37

What is brand equity in wine?

Answer 37

Consumer perception of brand value and trust.

Question 38

What are the challenges of exporting wine?

Answer 38

Regulatory, logistical, cultural preferences, documentation.

Question 39

How do sustainability certifications impact sales?

Answer 39

May enhance consumer trust and marketability, especially in key markets.

Question 40

What is premiumization in wine marketing?

Answer 40

Strategic focus on higher-value, higher-margin products.