global climate vulnerability & resilience

Question 1

purpose of the atmosphere x3

Answer 1

protects us from the vacuum of space

absorbs the sun’s UV radiation

essential for the water cycle (and life)

Question 2

layers of the atmosphere x4 (and bonus)

Answer 2

troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere & thermosphere (& exosphere)

Question 3

in which layer is the ozone layer?

Answer 3

stratosphere (20-30km in altitude)

Question 4

in which layer does weather occur?

Answer 4

troposphere

Question 5

in the troposphere, temperature ________ with altitude

Answer 5

decreases

Question 6

in the stratophere, temperature ________ with altitude

Answer 6

increases

Question 7

why is the mesosphere cold?

Answer 7

there is nothing to absorb heat

Question 8

thermosphere characteristics x2

Answer 8

hot & has thinnest air

Question 9

shortwave radiation (UV) from the sun is also known as what? x3

Answer 9

sun’s rays, solar radiation & insulation

Question 10

greenhouse gases that have the largest warming effect on the earth x2

Answer 10

carbon dioxide (below) & water vapour (e.g. clouds)

Question 11

define albedo

Answer 11

an expression of the ability of surfaces to reflect sunlight (heat from the sun). (the higher the albedo, the more reflection) (the lower the albedo the more absorption)

Question 12

high vs low albedo in relation to surface colour

Answer 12

light-colouredsurfaces return a large part of the sun rays back to the atmosphere (high albedo).

dark surfaces absorb the rays from the sun (low albedo).

Question 13

lists of natural changes in the global energy balance x5

Answer 13

reflectivity/albedo

global dimming

11-year solar cycle

changes in atmospheric conditions

milankovitch cycles

Question 14

watch a video on global dimming!!!!!!!!!

Answer 14

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Question 15

watch a video on 11 year solar cycle!!!!!!!!!

Answer 15

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Question 16

watch a video on milankovitch cycles!!!!!!!!!

Answer 16

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Question 17

what are the 3 main carbon sinks?

Answer 17

soil, forests and oceans

Question 18

define carbon sink

Answer 18

anything that absorbs MORE carbon than it releases

Question 19

define carbon source

Answer 19

anything that absorbs LESS carbon than it releases

Question 20

define radiation

Answer 20

the emission of short waves and long waves. as the sun is a very hot body, it releases short waves, whereas the earth as a cold body releases long waves

Question 21

define convection

Answer 21

the transfer of heat by the movement of a gas or a liquid

Question 22

define conduction

Answer 22

the transfer of heat by contact

Question 23

___________ and _________ clouds reflect much more short-wave radiation than thin higher clouds like ______ clouds

Answer 23

Stratocumulus and Nimbostratus
Cirrus

Question 24

define global dimming

Answer 24

the cooling of the air temperature due to pollution

Question 25

define aerosol

Answer 25

a substance released in very fine mist (tiny particles of liquid or solid suspended within a gas)

Question 26

what word should be used when referring to the intensity of weather events?

Answer 26

magnitude

Question 27

negative feedback loop vs positive feedback loop

Answer 27

a negative feedback loop means a return of stable equilibrium (stable) a positive feedback loop means a change away from equilibrium (unstable)

Question 28

direct consequences of man-​made climate change x8

Answer 28

temperatures will continue to rise frost-free season (and growing season) will lengthen changes in precipitation patterns more droughts and heat waves hurricanes will become stronger and more intense sea level will rise 1-8 feet by 2100 arctic likely to become ice-free by mid-century – shrinking glaciers thawing permafrost

Question 29

indirect consequences of climate change, which directly affect us humans and our environment x7

Answer 29

an increase in hunger and water crises, esp in LIC’s health risks thru rising air temps & heat domes economic implications of dealing with secondary damage related to climate change  increasing spread of pests and pathogens loss of biodiversity due to limited adaptability and adaptability speed of flora and fauna   ocean acidification due to increased HCO3 concentrations in the water as a consequence of increased CO₂ concentrations the need for adaptation in all areas (e.g. agriculture, forestry, energy, infrastructure, tourism, etc.)

Question 30

about how much % of solar radiation is absorbed by the atmosphere?

Answer 30

~25%

Question 31

about how much % of re-mitted is captured by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?

Answer 31

~85%

Question 32

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDRxfuEvqGg&ab_channel=IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange%28IPCC%29

Answer 32

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Question 33

go over the agri paper things

Answer 33

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Question 34

review egypt vs denmark task

Answer 34

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Question 35

watch a video on the process of condenstation

Answer 35

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Question 36

reasons for sea level rise x2

Answer 36

water expands in heat & ice melt

Question 37

how is biodiversity suffering from climate change x5

Answer 37

biomes are changing (seasons are lengthening) disruption to local ecosystems forest fires melting permafrost migration of biomes (poleward & increase in altitude)

Question 38

how can climate change effect our health? x4

Answer 38

Effects of extreme heat on humans and animals can lead to death and illness Decrease in crop yields Changes in precipitation can affect insect populations which can be important for disease, ex: Malaria, pest infestation of crops Extreme weather events can indirectly affect water supply and sanitation – causing contamination and disease outbreaks

Question 39

the local effects and vulnerability of populations will depend on what factors? x5

Answer 39

exposure sensitivity development and adaptive capacity, future demographic and economic changes mitigation and adaptation policies implemented by governments/response

Question 40

read over ppt Unit_2.3.1_Case_Studies-Disparities_in_Risk_and_Vulnerability

Answer 40

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Question 41

watch videos on COP21

Answer 41

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Question 42

what understanding was developed by the COP21 paris agreement?

Answer 42

global geopolitical effort recognizing that the source/s of greenhouse gas emissions may be spatially distant from the countries most impacted

Question 43

what ecosystem stores the most carbon?

Answer 43

peatlands

Question 44

what does NDC stand for? what do they allow? how often are they reevaluated?

Answer 44

nationally determined contributions NDCs allow for country-specific action NDCs are to be re-evaluated every 5 years, and the expectation is that each re-evaluation will go beyond the previous one

Question 45

COP21 encourages development in what? x3

Answer 45

early warning systems, emergency preparedness, and slow onset events

Question 46

watch a video on pros & cons of COP 21

Answer 46

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Question 47

watch a video on REDD

Answer 47

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Question 48

where is climate change civil society group "extinction rebellion' based? what are their 3 key aims for the government? what did the US group add as a 4th aim?

Answer 48

UK Declare a climate and ecological emergency Act now to halt biodiversity loss and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to net-zero by 2025. Create, and be led by the decisions of, a citizens' assembly on climate and ecological justice US XR added the idea that a just transition that prioritises the most vulnerable people and indigenous sovereignty

Question 49

what is brac? where is it located? how many people has it reached?

Answer 49

a development NGO that works across multiple fields of human development (largest globally) founded in bangladesh but operates in eleven other countries in asia, africa and the americas in total it has a reach to over 120 million people in Bangladesh alone

Question 50

things brac works towards x8

Answer 50

protecting resources improving quality of life building an awareness approach about the environment in rural and urban communities (tools, education, etc. to battle climate change) adaption and mitigation strategies against climate change adoption of sustainable practices to combat future climate hazards promotion of climate resilient agriculture supporting women nutrition and food security projects

Question 51

what successions has brac seen? x2

Answer 51

fertility rate reduction providing boats as classrooms due to the loss of flooded submerged buildings

Question 52

what is the mangrove action plan? what purpose do these trees serve?

Answer 52

US based NGO in many tropical mangrove countries mangroves are important to costal communties as they are buffers to storms

Question 53

read over technology and geo-engineering ppt slides 11-22