global context - social change

Question 1

What are the three examples of religion creating social change/economic development?

Answer 1

• Brazil: Pentecostalism
• East Asia: post-Confucian tiger economies
• India: the prosperous scientific mc

Question 2

what is the formula for religion creating social change/economic development?

Answer 2

(religion) + globalisation = economic success

Question 3

what did Berger call Pentecostalism in Latin America the ‘functional equivalent’ of?

Answer 3

Calvinism

Question 4

what did Berger call Pentecostalism in Latin America the __________ _________ of Calvinism?

Answer 4

‘functional equivalent’

Question 5

like Calvinism what does Latin American Pentecostalism embrace?

Answer 5

hard work ethic and aesthetic lifestyle which encourages members to become upwardly mobile

Question 6

What does Pentecostalism ban which results in more hardworking, career focussed individuals?

Answer 6

smoking, drinking, drugs and gambling

Question 7

Pentecostalism forbidding smoking, drinking, drugs and gambling resulted in what?

Answer 7

more hardworking, career focussed individuals

Question 8

Berger stated that religion (Pentecostalism) is not enough for economic development on its own, what else is needed?

Answer 8

resources

Question 9

what example does Berger use to show that religion (Pentecostalism) needs resources to produce economic development?

Answer 9

Northern Brazil - lacks resources and remains backwards (doesn’t have resources just work ethic), while the south has necessary resources

Question 10

What is an evaluation of Pentecostalism helping to grow the Brazilian economy?

Answer 10

Marxism - becoming more career focused benefits the ruling class, thus Pentecostalism acts as an opium of the people. So it is not a cause of social change but a way of the conserving RC control over the WC

Question 11

In recent year which East Asian countries have become major players in the global economy?

Answer 11

Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan

Question 12

What name has the sudden growth and surge into the economy earned some East Asian countries?

Answer 12

Tiger Economies

Question 13

What has earned some East Asian countries like Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan the title Tiger Economies?

Answer 13

The sudden growth and surge into the economy

Question 14

What can the success of Tiger Economies be related to?

Answer 14

Weber’s work - religious values can have a significant role in the growth of economies

Question 15

Which religious values have a significant role in the growth of Tiger Economies?

Answer 15

Post-Confucian values (Traditional Chinese values)

Question 16

Post-Confucian values (Traditional Chinese values) have had a significant role in the growth of which economy?

Answer 16

Tiger Economies

Question 17

What do Post-Confucian values (Traditional Chinese values) encourage?

Answer 17

Hard work, self-discipline and frugality

Question 18

Hard work, self-discipline and frugality are encouraged by which religion?

Answer 18

Post-Confucian (Traditional Chinese values)

Question 19

What are China’s main exports, made possible due to globalisation?

Answer 19

Electrical goods, cars, clothes

Question 20

What is an evaluation for Religion bringing economic growth to Tiger Economies?

Answer 20

Marxism - becoming more career focused benefits the ruling class, thus Post-Confucian values acts as an opium of the people. So it is not a cause of social change but a way of the conserving RC control over the WC

Question 21

Which country contradicts the secularisation theory that modernisation undermines religion, as people become more educated/mix with different cultures?

Answer 21

India - over 85% are Hindu

Question 22

India, with 85% of their population being Hindu, contradicts which theory?

Answer 22

Secularisation theory - that modernisation undermines religion, as more people become educated and mix with different cultures

Question 23

What group has globalisation created in India?

Answer 23

A huge and prosperous, scientifically educated, urban middle class, who work in IT, pharmaceuticals etc

Question 24

Which country now has a huge and prosperous, scientifically educated, urban middle class due to globalisation?

Answer 24

India

Question 25

What would the secularisation theory predict about India's prosperous, scientifically educated, urban middle class, and why?

Answer 25

They would be the first to abandon religion - as science knowledge grows religious beliefs usually decline, and wealth makes people feel more secure thus rely on religion less.

Question 26

Which theory would predict that India's prosperous, scientifically educated, urban middle class would be the first to abandon religion?

Answer 26

The Secularisation Theory

Question 27

What did Nanda observe and the Centre for Study of Developing Societies find about India's prosperous, scientifically educated, urban middle class's religious beliefs?

Answer 27

A vast majority of this class continues to believe in supernatural and a survey from the Centre for Study of Developing Societies found that Indians are becoming MORE religious.

Question 28

Why does Nanda believe there is increasing religiosity in India?

Answer 28

A result of their uncertainty and guilt about their newfound wealth

Question 29

Why do the prosperous Indian middle class feel uncertainty and guilt about their new found wealth?

Answer 29

Tension between traditional Hindu belief in renunciation of materialism and worldly desires - traditional belief against having lots of money.

Question 30

How do the prosperous Indian middle class resolve uncertainty and guilt about their newfound wealth?

Answer 30

They turn to local Hindu village Gods who tell believers to spend money on lavish religious ritual to ease guilt

Question 31

Who tells the prosperous Indian middle class resolve uncertainty and guilt about their newfound wealth by spending money on lavish religious rituals?

Answer 31

Local Hindu village Gods

Question 32

What teaching can be used to resolve guilt in the prosperous Indian middle class by the local Hindu village Gods?

Answer 32

Dharma

Question 33

What does the teaching Dharma tell the prosperous Indian middle class to do which resolves guilt about new found wealth?

Answer 33

It emphasises the need to share wealth and avoid becoming greedy; charity is an essential feature

Question 34

What is the Indian teaching which resolves guilt in the prosperous middle by emphasising the need to share wealth and avoid becoming greedy?

Answer 34

Dharma

Question 35

What is an evaluation for Hinduism bringing economic social change to India?

Answer 35

The rise of ultra-nationalism

Question 36

How is the rise of ultra-nationalism an evaluation of Hinduism bringing economic social change to India?

Answer 36

One the BJP party, who believe that India is inherently a Hindu nation, were elected there was a crackdown on freedom of expression. people who defend secular constitutional laws and human rights are betraying not only the Hindu nation, but India as well