Global development Flashcards
(26 cards)
What does GDP per capita mean?
Gross Domestic Product is the value of all goods and services produced in a country during a year in USD. Per capita means per person
What is the disadvantage of using GDP per capita as a development indicator?
It doesn’t give a fair representation of what is happening in that country at a specific time. For example, if there was a natural disaster
What is HDI?
The Human Development Index
It measures development in 3 ways:
- Life expectancy
- Education
- Standard of living
Why is HDI good for examining global development?
It shows the general quality of life in a specific country, rather than just how much money they earn
What is the Corruptions perception index?
100 is the least corrupt and 0 is very corrupt.
Countries that are more developed tend to be less corrupt because more money is being spent on the country rather than the people that rule it
Why did the UK north - south divide happen?
Southern UK is much flatter so easier to build large settlements on and is closer to mainland Europe so trade is easier and it attracts FDI to these areas
The north is mountainous so hard to build on and harder to connect cities together with good infrastructure
How can CLIMATE impact development?
Countries with moderate temperatures and consistent rainfall will develop better but those that suffer extreme heat will not because of dead crops and diseases thriving there
How can NATURAL RESOURCES effect development?
Resources such as minerals and fossil fuels aid development. The extraction and sale of these will increase a country’s economy. Middle East countries became very rich because of this
Why are LANDLOCKED countries handicapped?
Thy cannot access the oceans so they don’t have access to the sea to trade
How do NATURAL HAZARDS effect development?
Natural disasters are more likely to happen in specific areas so countries have to spend money on repair rather than development
How does a country being in a COLONY effect their development?
The colonised country is often exploited for their resources so they are not left with much. This hinders their development
Why are POLITICALLY STABLE countries more likely to develop?
If countries are at war, money is spent on weapons and repair, and if they are corrupt, money is only spent on the people who rule the country
How does WORLD TRADE effect development?
Developing countries sell PRIMARY goods to developed countries. Manufactured goods are worth more so developed countries earn more from their trade
How does FOREIGN INVESTMENT help development?
It brings money into a developing country and provides job opportunities
Some big companies are starting to invest in developing/emerging ones.
E.g. Coca Cola in India
How does a lack of INFRASTRUCTURE hinder development?
Developed countries have better infrastructure so companies want to invest in them more because they know their goods will be moved around quickly
What are the consequences of uneven development?
Developing countries have:
- Poorer access to housing
- Poor food + water security
- Low employment or only in primary sector
- Less doctors available because of poor education
- Low literacy rates
- Less technology available
What is top down development?
When large companies or the government help development to benefit everyone. It is usually by taking part in large scale projects
What is bottom up development?
Aim is to lift people out of poverty and give them basic support (water, sanitation)
This is usually done by NGOs (Non-governmental organisations) which are charities like UNICEF
What is bilateral aid and what is its problem?
It is when a developed country gives aid out but usually demands that the developing country buys goods from them or they won’t help them. They are expensive goods so they are normally unaffordable
What are remittances?
When people from developing countries move abroad to developed ones and send money back from their jobs to help fund development and the health of their families.
E.g. this happens a lot in the Philippines
What is fair trade?
A way of buying and selling goods that ensures the farmers are not exploited and are paid fairly for their produce
What is GNI?
Gross national income
What is FDI?
Foreign Direct Investment
When large companies invest in developing countries by setting up factories there
E.g. Coca Cola in India
What are the advantages of FDI?
- Brings new technologies to developing countries
- Improves infrastructure
- Generates employment so more taxes to the government
