Global Development Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
What is aid?
A
Assistance in the form of grants or loans at bellow market rate
2
Q
What are barriers to trade?
A
Government constraints on the flow of international goods and services such as traffic and quotas
3
Q
What is bottom up development?
A
Smaller scale developments where the locals people are heavily involved in decisions being made
4
Q
What is colonialism?
A
Acquiring control over another country occupying it and exploiting it economically
5
Q
What is the development gap?
A
The difference in income and the quantity of life in general between the richest and the poorest countries (gap is widening)
6
Q
What is development?
A
Economic or social progress leading to the improvement in the quality of life
7
Q
What is fair trade?
A
Movement which aims to create long term trading links with producers in developing countries to ensure they receive a fair and guaranteed price for their products
8
Q
What is food security?
A
When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, food to maintain a healthy and active life
9
Q
What is foreign aid?
A
Aid supplied to other countries
10
Q
What is Foreign direct investment?
A
Overseas investment in physical capital by trans national corporations
11
Q
What is gross domestic product?
A
The total value of goods and services produced by a country each year
12
Q
What is highly indebt poor countries iniative?
A
Cancellation of world debt organised by IMF and world bank in 1996. So far assistance has been given to 36 countries and the 8 UN development goals
13
Q
What is the human development index?
A
A combination of GNI per capita, life expectancy and the mean number of years in schooling (a mixture)
14
Q
What is infrastructure?
A
The framework of things such as roads, buildings, power lines, broadband internet. Draws in businesses and encourages the development of human society
15
Q
What is irrigation?
A
The addition of water to farmland by artificial mean
16
Q
What is ingovernment agreement?
A
An agreement between two countries who cooperate in some way
17
Q
What is life expectancy?
A
The average age a person is expected to live for
18
Q
What is literacy rate?
A
The % of the population that can read and write (social)
19
Q
What is natural increase?
A
The difference between birth and death rates
20
Q
What. Is NGO?
A
Non governmental organisations eg oxfam
21
Q
What is outsourcing?
A
The concept of taking internal company functions and paying an outside firm to handle them. Usually in low income countries where they can access cheap labour
22
Q
What is privatisation?
A
Sale of state own assets to private sector. (Profit making businesses)
23
Q
What is the political corruption index?
A
It grades a country from “highly corrupt” to “very clean”. When quality of governance is poor, countries have a high level of corruption
24
Q
Name the top 5 (in order) corrupt countries…
A
Somalia
North Korea
Afghanistan
Sudan
South Sudan
25
Name the top 5(in order) least corrupt countries….
Denmark
New Zealand
Finland
Sweden
Norway
26
What is public investment?
Investment lead by government using tax payers money
27
What is the quaternary industry?
Jobs in science, development and research. Provides intellectual services
28
What is the replacement level of fertility?
The level at which each each generation had just enough children to replace themselves in the population
29
What is sustainable?
Meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
30
What is sustainable development?
Development that meets needs of the present without compromising ability of future generations to meet their own needs
31
What is a trans national corporation?
A firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment (operate 75%of the worlds trade)
32
What is top down development?
A large scale development usually organised by government or large international companies/ corporations
33
Name an example of a top down development
The sardar Salvador dam
34
What is top down development?
A small scale development usually organised by local people
35
What was the life expectancy in Japan in 2020?
84
36
Which county occupied Ethiopia between 1936- 1942?
Italy
37
According to the department of international development how much more effective is agriculture in reducing poverty than other forms of growth?
4 times
38
Globally, how many people died due to water related diseases in 2017?
840,000
39
How many airports does Mumbai aim to have by 2040?
3
40
What is the average income in the north east compared to the south east?
£17,000 compared to £21,000
41
What is the average house price in the NE compared to the SE in 2016?
£140,000 compared to £280,000
42
In 2020 what was the average life expectancy in Ethiopia?
64
43
What % of the world currently live in squatter settlements/slums?
30%
44
How many children sadly pass away before their 5th birthday?
6 million
45
How many children in 2010 were not in primary education globally?
70million
46
Globally what proportion of people do to have enough to eat?
1 in 9 :(
47
How many villages were drowned in the construction of the Sardar Sarovar dam?
234 forcing out 320,000 people
48
How many dams were built in India as part of the 2008 programme?
4500
49
How many countries were given aid under the highly indebt poor countries initiative?
36 countries
50
What % of the worlds trade is deemed “fair”?
Less than 1%
51
What was the population of India in 2020?
1.3 billion
52
What % of India’s Population are Hindu?
80%
53
What’s happened to the contribution agriculture plays to India’s GPD?
Its decreased from 58% to 26%
54
What percentage of families live below the poverty line in Bihar in 2012
34%
55
How much foreign direct investment occurred in India in 2014?
$34,400 million
56
How much international aid did India give between 2015 and 2016
$1.3 billion-double what it receives
57
What has happened to the number of people employed in secondary industry in India?
It’s gone up from 15% to 22%
58
How many manufacturing locations did Coca-Cola have in India in 2020?
57
59
How has tertiary industry change in India since their independence?
27% to 52%
60
In 2020 how many people did Coca-Cola employ in India?
25,000 people
61
Give evidence to showcase how Coca-Cola has developed infrastructure in India
500 rainwater harvesting structures have been built by Coca-Cola
62
How many new jobs in ICT have been created in India between independence in 1949 and 2016?
Over 1 million
63
What was the impact on agriculture of Coca-Cola using water in rural India in 2016
Harvest dropped by 40% due to poor irrigation as a result of 510,000 L of water being extracted daily
64
How did life expectancy in India change between 1980 and 2015?
It increased from 54 years old to 68 years old
65
But what percentage has the population increased since 1990?
68%
66
How many broadband connections were there in India in 2013?
61 million – most in just five states
67
What does the literacy rate among the male population compared to the female?
82% in men compared to 65% in women
68
In 2019, what percentage of India’s population lived in
32%
69
What was the average literacy rates in India in 2011
74%
70
In what year did the first Starbucks open in India?
2012
71
How many tourists visited India in 2016?
8.9 million – up 11% from 2015
72
How much of India’s energy could come from renewables by 2040?
49%
73
How much did the Sardaar Sarovar dam cost?
$8 billion
74
How much land is deforested/disertified each year in India
13. 7 billion Ha
75
By how many years is life expectancy reduced due to air pollution
3.2 years for the 660 million living there
76
What is gross domestic product?
The total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year often divided by number of people to give GDP per capita
77
Is gross domestic product and economic, social, political or environmental impact
Economic
78
What is literacy rate?
The percentage of the population who can read and write
79
Is literacy rate an economic, social, political, or environmental factor
Social
80
What is life expectancy?
The average age, a person is expected to live to
81
What is the life expectancy of someone living in the UK?
81. Years old
82
Is life expectancy a social, economic, political, and environmental factor
The social factor
83
What is development?
The term used to describe how advanced the country is compared to another. It is about standard of living , whether people can afford The things needed to survive, but also the quality of life.
84
What is an economic factor?
Personal Wealth/income
Growth of economy
Types of industry
Cost-of-living.
Employment rate
And job security
85
What is a social factor?
Anything to do with health, education, housing and recreation
86
What is a technological factor?
Anything to do with electricity, Internet access, better farm/industry, machinery
87
What is a cultural factor?
Anything to do with democracy, work, life balance, traditional, imported culture balance
88
What is a food security factor?
We’re all people at all times, have access to sufficient say, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life.
89
How does the GPD growth due to agriculture, reduce poverty?
The GPD growth due to agriculture is four times more efficient in reducing poverty and other factors that influence growth
90
What is a water security factor?
The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable water use
91
How many people unfortunately die each year from water related disease
840,000 people
92
What are the six Different factors that contribute to human development?
Economic
Social
Technological
Cultural
Food security
Water security
93
List the four main reasons why the level of development varies between countries
Physical
Historical
Economic
Social
94
Explain what physical features of a country can lead to the level of development, varying between Countries
A size of a country, climate natural hazards affect the level of development
95
Give an example of a physical reason, why the level of development varies between countries
Ethiopia, it is landlocked, meaning it’s hard to trade and challenging climate means difficult to make money off land
96
Explain what historical features lead to the level of development vary between countries
Colonial, trading links
97
Give an example of a historical factor that has created a variety of level in development between countries
Between 1936 and 1942 Ethiopia was occupied by Italy during this time, money leaked back to Italy
98
Explain what economic factors can cause the level of development to vary between countries
Employment, rates and salary and debt
99
Give an example of an economic factor that has led to the level of development varying between countries
Ethiopia world that means money made goes to repayments
100
Explain what social factors can lead to the level of development vary in between countries
Education and disease
101
Give an example of a social occurrence that has led to the level of development bearing between countries
Ethiopia has a high incidence of HIV, meaning population is unable to work
102
How is the scale of , inequality, quantified?
Using the Gini coefficient
103
What does a high value on there Gini Coefficient show?
More unequal distribution
104
Generally, what do you richer countries have?
A smaller income gap than developing countries
105
Which two countries have the lowest inequality rate?
Slovenia ( 25.6)
Norway( 25.9)
106
Which country has the largest income gap?
South Africa (63.4)
107
What four factors can cause the level of development to vary with in a country?
Infrastructure
Skilled workers
Deindustrialisation.
Physical factors
108
Explain how infrastructure can lead to the level of development to vary within a country
accessibility to an area
greater connectivity create more investment opportunities
109
Explain how skilled workers can lead to the level of development to vary within a country
Infant education means more skilled workers, which means high, earning potential brain drain away from areas of poor education
110
Explain how deindustrialisation can lead to the level of development varying within a country
Links with particular industry
A decline of industry following Globalisation
111
Explain how physical factors can lead to the level of development varying within the country
The coastline allowed for trade in number
112
What is the development gap?
The difference between the richest and the poorest countries
113
What is the highest GDP found?
In oil-rich states in the Middle East
114
Listen example of an oil-rich state
Qatar and western countries
115
What are the six factors that are the impacts of an even development?
Employment
Health
Access to housing?
Education
Technology
Food and water security.
116
Explain how employment has an impact on an even development
In the developing countries employment opportunities usually are in informal sector work is limited with people working in lower paid, more labour-intensive jobs
117
Explain how health has an impact on an even development
Healthcare is limited in the developing world with fewer doctors and pour facilities
118
Explain how and access to housing has an impact on an even development
Many people around the world do not have access to housing
30% of the worlds current population live in slums.
Each year, more than 6 million children Unfortunately, pass away before their fifth birthday
119
Explain how education has an impact on uneven development
Literacy rates are lower in the developing world in 2010 there are estimated 17 million people not in primary education. This affects future employment prospects
120
Explain how technology has an impact on uneven development
Less investment in technology with few people who have the skills to use it appropriate technology is allowing progress in developing countries
121
What is appropriate technology?
Technology that is suitable to the social and economic conditions of the geographical area
122
Explain have food and water security have an impact on uneven development
Developing countries lack access to food and clean water, resulting in malnourishment and dehydration. This affects peoples health and ability to work and make money.
123
What is an advantage of top-down development
Large-scale investment.
Political support.
Large number of people benefited – multiplier effect.
124
What is the disadvantage of top-down development?
Government/politicians removed from local peoples needs
Focused heavily on economic needs
Could exacerbate inequalities
Investment from TNCs can over power locals
125
What is bottom up development?
Grass roots development where local people are heavily involved in decisions being made
126
What is the advantage to bottom up development?
Small scale investment that aim to benefit small groups
Assisted through actions of NGOs
Cheap
Uses appropriate technology therefore more sustainable
127
What are disadvantages to bottom up development?
Small number of people involved
Lacks funding
128
Where is India located?
Northern hemisphere. Central Asia. Boarders the Indian Ocean. Shares a boarder with 6 countries
129
What is the political context of India?
Regional:
India is the largest country in the southern continent
Population unevenly divided most in 6 states
Global:
2nd most populated country in the world with 1.3 billion
7th largest country in terms of area in 2020
130
What is the social context of India?
Social:
Population divided over 29 states
Social ranks known as castes assigned at birth
Global:
Currently, 20 million Indian diasporas (scattered groups) located over 100 counties, money made elsewhere and sent home
131
What is the cultural context of India?
Regional:
80% of the population are Hindu
Others include Sikh, Islam and Buddhism
Global:
India is the 3rd largest Islamic population in the world
Bollywood makes 1600 films a year which are watched by 2.7 billion people
132
What is the environmental context of India?
India experiences two monsoon seasons a year.
NE occurs in the cooler months and occurs in the hotter months in the SW
large population causes environmental degradation.
133
What are the characteristics of international trade in India?
1990s: a rapid rise in imports and exports
2014: 19th in the world for exporting merchandise
8th for exporting Commercial services
Key exports: oil products
Key imports: crude oil, gold, silver and electrical goods
