Global Development

Question 1

What is development?

Answer 1

Development measures how advanced a country is, focusing on standard of living and quality of life, not just money.

Question 2

How might a low-income country develop?

Answer 2

Investment in farming
Electricity in rural areas
New roads/railways
Higher literacy rates
Gender equality improvements

Question 3

Name factors affecting human development of a country

Answer 3

Economic (income, jobs)
Social (health, education)
Technological (electricity, internet)
Food and water security
Cultural (democracy, work-life balance)

Question 4

What is food security?

Answer 4

A balance between food production and consumption to ensure availability, access, and knowledge for healthy living.

Question 5

How does water security contribute to human development?

Answer 5

Safe water improves health, allows children to attend school, and reduces time spent collecting water.

Question 6

How is development measured?

Answer 6

Economic indicators
Social and political measures

Question 7

Name two development indicators.

Answer 7

GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
HDI (Human Development Index)

Question 8

What does GDP measure?

Answer 8

Total value of goods and services a country produces in a year, often shown per person (GDP per capita).

Question 9

What does HDI measure?

Answer 9

Combines GDP per capita, life expectancy, and years in education to show development.

Question 10

What are some limitations of development measures?

Answer 10

Show averages only
Don’t show everything
Can be inaccurate (e.g., GDP ignores the cash economy)

Question 11

What is political corruption and why does it matter?

Answer 11

Corruption reduces development by lowering government quality, measured by the Corruption Perception Index.

Question 12

How do development levels vary within the UK?

Answer 12

London and South East England have a higher standard of living than the rest of the UK.

Question 13

What are physical factors causing inequality within the UK?

Answer 13

Remoteness or accessibility of an area and potential for industry.

Question 14

What are historical factors causing inequality within the UK?

Answer 14

Links with particular industries and the impact of deindustrialisation.

Question 15

What are economic factors causing inequality within the UK?

Answer 15

Employment rates, salaries, house prices, and the state of infrastructure.

Question 16

Why are jobs in the informal sector less secure?

Answer 16

They offer fewer benefits and less stability, like street stalls and casual work.

Question 17

What is employment like in developing countries?

Answer 17

Limited, with lower-paid, labour-intensive jobs.

Question 18

How does lack of water affect food security?

Answer 18

Limits people’s ability to grow the food they need, causing malnourishment.

Question 19

What are food and water security challenges in developing countries?

Answer 19

Lack of access to clean water and food, causing dehydration and malnutrition.

Question 20

What is the role of technology in uneven development?

Answer 20

There’s less investment in technology, and few skilled people to use it.

Question 21

What are health challenges in developing countries?

Answer 21

Limited healthcare, fewer doctors, and poor medical facilities.

Question 22

Why is access to housing an issue in developing countries?

Answer 22

Many live without proper housing; over 30% live in slums.

Question 23

What are education challenges in the developing world?

Answer 23

Low literacy rates, few schools, and poor attendance.

Question 24

How does low education contribute to other problems?

Answer 24

Larger families and malnutrition

Question 25

What is Fairtrade?(International Strategy)

Answer 25

Fairtrade is a system that helps producers in developing countries get better prices, decent working conditions, and fair terms of trade. It aims to reduce poverty and support sustainable development.

Question 26

What is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)?(International strategy)

Answer 26

FDI is when a company or country invests directly into the economy of another country, such as building factories, infrastructure, or businesses.

Question 27

What are possible disadvantages of FDI?

Answer 27

Profits often return to the investor's country, not the local economy. Can cause environmental damage. Local businesses may struggle to compete. Jobs may be low-paid or temporary. Investors may pull out

Question 28

Advantages of FDI

Answer 28

Creates jobs for local people. Improves skills and training. Develops infrastructure (roads, power, schools). Boosts the local economy through increased trade and spending. Widens consumer market

Question 29

What is International Aid?(International strategy)

Answer 29

International Aid is help given by one country or organisation to another, usually to support development, improve quality of life, or respond to emergencies like natural disasters.

Question 30

How does Aid help development?

Answer 30

Providing basic needs like clean water, food, and healthcare, improving people's health and life expectancy. Funding education, which increases literacy and job opportunities. Building infrastructure such as roads, schools, and hospitals, helping the economy grow. Supporting skills training and business development, creating jobs and boosting income. Helping countries recover from natural disasters or conflicts, allowing long-term rebuilding.

Question 31

What is Debt Relief?(International strategy)

Answer 31

Debt Relief is when part or all of a country's debt is cancelled, or repayment terms are made easier, so the country can spend money on development instead of paying back loans. Frees up money for healthcare, education, and infrastructure. Helps reduce poverty and improve living standards. Allows countries to invest in job creation and economic growth. Supports long-term sustainable development instead of focusing on debt repayments.

Question 32

What is remittance? (International Strategy)

Answer 32

Remittances are money that people working abroad send back to their home countries to support their families. Provide income for families to pay for food, healthcare, and education. Reduce poverty in poorer countries. Boost the local economy as families spend the money on goods and services. Can be a more reliable source of income than aid.

Question 33

What are top down strategies?

Answer 33

A top-down strategy is when large-scale development projects are planned and controlled by governments, big organisations (like the World Bank), or Transnational corporations(TNCs(, with little involvement from local people.

Question 34

What are the advantages and disadvamtages of top down strategies?

Answer 34

Advantages: Can improve infrastructure on a large scale. Often funded with lots of money from governments or global organisations. Creates jobs and boosts economic growth. Disadvantages: Local people often aren’t involved in planning. Projects may not meet the actual needs of local communities. Can cause environmental damage. Money might not always benefit the poorest people.

Question 35

What are bottom up strategies?

Answer 35

A strategy where decisions, initiatives, or actions are led and initiated by individuals or groups at the grassroots level rather than from the top down.

Question 36

What are the advantages and disadvantages of bottom up strategies?

Answer 36

Advantages: Bottom-up strategies ensure that local communities have a sense of ownership and responsibility, leading to higher engagement, commitment, and sustainability of projects. Since decisions are made by the people who understand the community's challenges and priorities, bottom-up strategies are more likely to be tailored to the specific needs of the population. Disadvantages: Bottom-up strategies can lead to fragmented or inconsistent approaches if various local initiatives are not effectively coordinated or aligned with broader development goals or policies. Local communities often lack the financial, technical, or organizational resources to effectively implement complex projects without significant external support.

Question 37

What is the Primary Sector in development?

Answer 37

The primary sector involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources. This includes agriculture, fishing, forestry, and mining.

Question 38

What is the Secondary Sector in development?

Answer 38

The secondary sector involves the processing and manufacturing of raw materials from the primary sector into finished goods and products.

Question 39

What is the Tertiary Sector in development?

Answer 39

The tertiary sector involves services rather than goods, including healthcare, education, banking, tourism, retail, and entertainment.

Question 40

What is the Quaternary Sector in development?

Answer 40

The quaternary sector focuses on knowledge-based activities, including research and development (R&D), information technology (IT), education, financial planning, and consulting.

Question 41

What does the core-periphery model represent?

Answer 41

The core-periphery model represents the uneven distribution of economic, political, and social power between developed (core) and underdeveloped (periphery) regions. The core consists of wealthy, powerful nations, while the periphery consists of poorer, dependent regions.

Question 42

How does rapid development contribute to environmental degradation?

Answer 42

Rapid industrialization often leads to deforestation, air and water pollution, loss of biodiversity, and greater consumption of natural resources, which can result in long-term environmental damage.

Question 43

What are the social impacts of rapid urbanization?

Answer 43

Urbanization due to rapid development can cause overcrowded cities, slums, and inadequate housing. This can lead to poor living conditions, inadequate sanitation, and the spread of disease.