Global governance Flashcards
(34 cards)
What is global governance?
The way global affairs are managed through cooperation between countries, organisations, institutions and stakeholders.
Includes formal rules (laws, treaties)
What are some examples of global issues?
Climate change, conflict, trade and human rights
What are global commons?
Resources or areas that lie outside the jurisdiction of any one country and are shared by all
What are the key issues of global commons?
Overuse and degradation (overfishing, carbon emissions).
What is our global commons case study?
Antarctica
Why is Antarctica important?
holds 70% earth’s freshwater.
Key for climate science and global sea levels.
Rich in biodiversity and minerals (currently not exploited)
What are the threats to Antarctica?
Climate change (melting ice and sea level rise).
Tourism (pollution, disturbance to wildlife).
Overfishing (especially krill).
Potential future exploitation of minerals
What are the 4 ways governance mechanisms are trying to protect Antarctica?
Antarctic treaty system (1959).
Madrid protocol (1991).
International Whaling Commission (IWC).
NGOs
How does the Antarctic treaty system (1959) protect Antarctic?
Peaceful use only (no military).
Scientific cooperation.
Ban on mineral resource exploitation
How does the Madrid Protocol (1991) protect Antarctica?
Environmental protection.
Designates Antarctica as a “natural reserve”
How does the International Whale Commission (IWC) protect Antarctica?
Suspension on commercial whaling
How do NGOs protect Antarctica?
e.g. WWF, Greenpeace.
Campaign and monitor human impact
What does the Paris Agreement (2015) do?
Limits warming to below 2 degrees
What does the Kyoto Protocol (1997) do?
First binding agreement to reduce emissions (limited success)
What does the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC do?
Assesses climate science
What does the WHO do?
Coordinates responses
Cooperation on vaccines, public health
What are the global issues?
Climate change
Global health
conflict and security
Development and trade
human rights
How is conflict and security solved (attempts)?
UN –> peacekeeping missions, diplomacy.
International criminal court ICC –> prosecutes war crimes, genocide.
What does the UN Human rights council do?
Monitors abuses, promotes international norms
Who is involved in global governance?
State actors (governments).
International organisations.
NGOs and Civil society.
TNCs
Individuals
How are state actors (governments) involved in global governance?
Set policies, sign treaties, engage in diplomacy.
E.g. UK’s net zero target, US in/out of paris agreement
How are international organisations involved in global governance?
UN, IMF, WB, WTO, WHO.
Set global rules and manage cooperation
How are NGOs and civil society involved in global governance?
Provide expertise, pressure governments, promote accountability (e.g. greenpeace)
