Global Governance exam Q's Flashcards
(15 cards)
Explain how labour flows contribute to globalisation.- 4 marks
Labour flows are the movement of workers across borders, supplying both high- and low-skilled labour. For example, the UK has 64% of its nurses coming from other countries, helping fill labour shortages. This creates economic interdependence between countries and facilitates the spread of skills, ideas, and culture, which contributes to globalisation.
Outline the role of trade agreements in accelerating globalisation.
Trade agreements reduce tariffs and quotas between member countries, making it easier and cheaper to trade goods and services.
For example, agreements like NAFTA or the EU’s single market enable freer movement of goods and capital, encouraging cross-border investment and boosting interconnected economies.
Explain one way information flows have increased global interconnectedness.
The internet allows instant communication across the world, making it easier for businesses to coordinate globally.
For instance, TNCs can manage global supply chains efficiently using cloud-based systems, allowing offices in different continents to collaborate in real time.
Explain how global marketing strategies such as glocalisation support the growth of global brands.
Glocalisation adapts global products to fit local tastes, increasing their appeal in different markets.
For example, McDonald’s offers vegetarian options in India to match dietary norms, which boosts local sales while maintaining its global brand identity and presence.
Outline one impact of improved transport systems on the flow of products globally.
Advances in shipping, such as containerisation, have reduced the cost and time of moving goods internationally.
This allows for faster delivery of raw materials and finished products, making global supply chains more efficient and expanding international trade.
Explain how remittance flows support development in periphery regions.
Remittances sent by migrant workers to their families in LICs inject foreign currency directly into local economies.
This money can be spent on education, healthcare, and small businesses, helping to reduce poverty and stimulate local economic development.
Outline how cultural globalisation can influence national identity.
The global spread of Western media and consumer culture can lead to the erosion of traditional customs and languages.
For example, the global popularity of American films and fashion may influence young people to adopt foreign cultural norms, weakening local cultural identities.
Explain how financial technologies have made global investment more efficient.
Digital banking and fintech platforms allow real-time global transactions and instant access to international markets.
This reduces transaction costs and delays, making it easier for investors to move capital across borders and monitor investments remotely.
How can economic interdependence promote development in some regions?
FDI brings jobs, skills, and infrastructure. Trade opens access to global markets and foreign currency. Remittances increase household incomes. TNCs help industrialise economies via outsourcing/offshoring.
Give two ways unequal flows of people can lead to inequalities.
- Brain drain reduces skilled labour in LICs. 2. Migrants may face exploitation (low wages, poor conditions) in host countries.
How do unequal power relations influence global systems?
HICs dominate decision-making in the IMF/WTO (e.g., more voting power). HICs shape trade rules and financial flows to benefit themselves. LICs often accept externally imposed policies with limited resistance.
How can global flows of technology promote both growth and conflict?
Growth: Increases productivity, innovation, education, healthcare. Conflict: Unequal access worsens the digital divide; cybercrime and surveillance risks.
How can global movement of ideas cause injustice for some places?
Western ideologies may override local values (e.g., neoliberalism, democracy). Pressure to adopt foreign policies can cause economic or cultural harm.
How does environmental interdependence challenge global governance?
Countries have conflicting interests (e.g., climate vs economy). Pollution crosses borders – global impact needs joint solutions. No global enforcement body. HICs pollute more; LICs suffer more = inequality.
How can some states shape global systems to their advantage?
The USA and EU dominate IMF, WTO, and UN decisions. China uses the Belt and Road Initiative to expand global influence. Powerful states negotiate favourable trade deals and enforce sanctions.
